Table 4.

Odds ratios from multi-level-event history analysis predicting informal and formal business formation according to migration status and economic dynamism of sending community.

	A. Formal vs. No Business		B. Informal vs. No Business		C. Formal vs. Informal Business
Household Characteristics	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2	C. Formal vs. Informal Business

U.S. Migration Experience (REF = Head with No Current/Recent U.S. Migration Experience)
Head Returned From U.S.	1.30	1.07	1.49 ^***	1.51 ^***	0.68
Head in U.S.			0.74 ^†	0.74 ^†	0.00
Business Properties Owned	8.78 ^***	8.79 ^***	3.19 ^**	3.17 ^**	2.94 ^*
Other Non-Residential Properties	1.43	1.38	1.22	1.21	1.13
Residential Properties Owned	1.08	1.08	1.04	1.04	1.02
Other Residential Properties	2.42 ^***	2.37 ^***	1.32 ^†	1.31 ^†	1.78 ^*
Average Household Schooling	1.22 ^***	1.22 ^***	1.05 ^***	1.06 ^***	1.14 ^***
Age of Household Head	0.97 ^***	0.97 ^**	0.99 ^***	0.99 ^***	0.98 ^*
At Least One Child in Age Group
Children ages 0–4	0.73	0.72	0.90	0.89	0.83
Children ages 5–12	1.02	1.02	0.93	0.92	1.12
Children ages 13–17	1.45 ^†	1.45 ^†	1.03	1.03	1.42
Community and Municipality Level Characteristics
Migration Prevalence Ratio (%)	1.02	1.03	1.02 ^*	1.02 ^*	1.02
Female LF Participation Rate (%)	0.97	0.97	1.05 ^***	1.05 ^***	0.93 ^***
Pct. Self-Employed in Municipality¹	0.98	0.98	1.01	1.01	0.96 ^†
Pct. Employer in Municipality¹	1.18	1.07	0.77 ^***	0.74 ^***	1.37 ^*
Percent Self-employed · Head Returned	1.03		1.01 ^†		1.02
Percent Employer · Head Returned		1.39 ^†		1.14 ^†	1.25
Community Size (REF = Metropolitan Area)
Smaller Urban Area	0.57	0.51	1.61 ^*	1.54 ^*	0.36 ^*
Town	1.05	0.99	1.39	1.33	0.88
Regions (REF = Historical)
Border	0.43 ^**	0.43 ^**	0.87	0.87	0.53 ^*
Central	0.81	0.79	1.32	1.32	0.63
Southeast	0.43	0.62	0.86	0.87	0.75
Model Evaluation
Events	124		1055		1,179
Household-years	94,815	94,815	94,815	94,815	94,815
Log-likelihood	-867	-866	-5,636.6	-5,636.4	-8,022
Median Odds Ratio	1.84 ²		2.02 ²		-

^†

p < 0.1

p <0.05

^**

p <0.01

^***

p < 0.001

Sources: Household data are from Mexican Migration Project; community-level data are from 1980, 1990, and 2000 Mexican Population and Housing Census (provided by MMP in COMMUN file).

Notes:

Percent pertains to occupied

Calculated against null model.