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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 15.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2013 Apr 6;372(0):57–64. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.03.021

Figure 4. Smad phosphorylation by activin and GDF-9 in primary rat GCs.

Figure 4

Treatment of GCs with 100 ng/ml activin A (A) or 300 ng/ml GDF-9 (G) increases phosphorylated Smad2 (P-Smad2) and Smad3 (P-Smad3) within 15 min with maximal activation at 60 min, compared with untreated (U) cells. For total Smad2/3, the antibody detected both total Smad2 (upper band, 60 kDa) and Smad3 (lower band, 52 kDa).