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. 2013 May 27;14:69. doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-14-69

Table 3.

Frequency distribution of respondents by anxiety status and socio-demographic characteristics and other selected variables

Variables Anxiety symptoms
 P cOR 95% CI
No (n) † (%) Yes (n) ‡ (%) Lower Upper
Age (Years)
  
  
  
  
 0.006
  
  
  
30 – 39*
 102
 64.6
 56
 35.4
 -
 -
 -
 -
40 - 49
 341
 74.2
 119
 25.8
 0.021
 0.63
 0.43
 0.93
50 - 59
 628
 70.6
 261
 29.4
 0.126
 0.76
 0.53
 1.08
60 – 69
 504
 69.2
 224
 30.8
 0.253
 0.81
 0.56
 1.16
70 - 79
 144
 60.5
 94
 39.5
 0.416
 1.19
 0.78
 1.80
≥ 80
 22
 64.7
 12
 35.3
 0.987
 0.99
 0.46
 2.16
Sex
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Male*
 710
 72.8
 265
 27.2
 -
 -
 -
 -
Female
 1032
 67.3
 501
 32.7
 0.004
 1.30
 1.09
 1.55
Ethnicity
  
  
  
  
 0.022
  
  
  
Malay*
 911
 71.0
 372
 29.0
 -
 -
 -
 -
Chinese
 314
 71.7
 124
 28.3
 0.778
 0.97
 0.76
 1.23
Asian Indian
 516
 65.7
 270
 34.3
 0.012
 1.28
 1.06
 1.55
Educational Level
  
  
  
  
 0.070
  
  
  
None
 184
 64.6
 101
 35.4
 0.045
 1.43
 1.01
 2.04
Primary education
 629
 66.8
 313
 33.2
 0.076
 1.30
 0.97
 1.73
Secondary education
 715
 72.6
 270
 27.4
 0.922
 0.99
 0.74
 1.32
Tertiary education*
 214
 72.3
 82
 27.7
 -
 -
 -
 -
Monthly household income (MHI) in Malaysian Ringgit (MYR)
  
  
  
  
 0.001
  
  
  
< 1,000
 457
 64.9
 247
 35.1
 0.000
 1.64
 1.27
 2.12
1,000 -< 3,000
 912
 69.7
 396
 30.3
 0.022
 1.32
 1.04
 1.67
≥ 3,000*
 373
 75.2
 123
 24.8
 -
 -
 -
 -
Marital Status
  
  
  
  
 0.010
  
  
  
Never married
 52
 73.2
 19
 26.8
 0.626
 0.88
 0.51
 1.49
Divorced/widowed/separated
 1445
 70.6
 603
 29.4
 0.003
 1.41
 1.12
 1.77
Married*
 245
 63.0
 144
 37.0
 -
 -
 -
 -
Current Job Status
  
  
  
  
 0.000
  
  
  
Unemployed
 315
 61.4
 198
 38.6
 0.000
 1.86
 1.47
 2.35
Housewives
 530
 67.9
 251
 32.1
 0.002
 1.40
 1.13
 1.74
Retired
 265
 72.0
 103
 28.0
 0.326
 1.15
 0.87
 1.51
Employed*
 632
 74.7
 214
 25.3
 -
 -
 -
 -
BMI (kg/m2)
  
  
  
  
 0.472
  
  
  
< 25.0*
 529
 67.9
 250
 32.1
 -
 -
 -
 -
≥ 25.0
 721
 69.7
 313
 30.3
 0.407
 0.92
 0.75
 1.12
≥ 30.0
 492
 70.8
 203
 29.2
 0.023
 0.87
 0.70
 1.09
Abdominal Obesity
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
No*
 373
 69.1
 167
 30.9
 -
 -
 -
 -
Yes
 1369
 69.6
 599
 30.4
 0.827
 0.98
 0.80
 1.20
Sr. Cholesterol level (mmol/l)
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
<5.2*
 1215
 68.8
 552
 38.2
 0.242
 0.90
 0.74
 1.08
≥ 5.2
 527
 71.1
 214
 28.9
 -
 -
 -
 -
HbA1c level (%)
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
≤8.5*
 1101
 71.6
 436
 28.4
 -
 -
 -
 -
>8.5
 641
 66.1
 329
 33.9
 0.003
 1.30
 1.09
 1.54
Duration of DM (years)
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
< 2
 158
 76.7
 48
 23.3
 0.019
 1.49
 1.07
 2.09
≥ 2*
 1584
 68.8
 718
 31.2
 -
 -
 -
 -
Co-morbidity
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
No*
 382
 72.1
 148
 27.9
 -
 -
 -
 -
Yes
 1360
 68.8
 618
 31.2
 0.141
 1.17
 0.95
 1.45
Psychiatric illness in family
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
No*
 1730
 69.6
 754
 30.4
 0.043
 2.29
 1.03
 5.13
Yes
 12
 50.0
 12
 50.0
 -
 -
 -
 -
Diabetes in family
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
No*
 477
 72.2
 184
 37.8
 0.079
 1.19
 0.98
 1.45
Yes
 1265
 68.5
 582
 31.5
 -
 -
 -
 -
Life events within the past 6 months
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
No*
 996
 72.5
 377
 27.5
 -
 -
 -
 -
Yes
 746
 65.7
 389
 34.3
 0.000
 1.38
 1.16
 1.63
Smoking status
  
  
  
  
 0.064
  
  
  
Non smoker*
 1433
 68.6
 656
 31.4
 -
 -
 -
 -
Former smoker
 186
 71.8
 73
 28.2
 0.030
 0.66
 0.45
 0.96
Current smoker
 123
 76.9
 37
 23.1
 0.292
 0.86
 0.64
 1.14
Current drinker
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
No*
 1677
 69.5
 737
 30.5
 -
 -
 -
 -
Yes
 65
 69.1
 29
 30.9
 0.947
 1.015
 0.650
 1.59
Leisure-time physical activity level
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Active*
 931
 73.0
 345
 27.0
 -
 -
 -
 -
Inactive 811 65.8 421 34.2 0.000 1.40 1.18 1.66

cOR –Crude odds ratio.

*- Reference group.

† - Scores of 0–7 (normal).

‡ − Scores of ≥ 8 (mild, moderate, severe, extremely severe).