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. 2013 May 14;3(5):e257. doi: 10.1038/tp.2013.32

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Copyright © 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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Structural differences in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) between stimulant-dependent individuals (SDIs; n=42), their siblings (n=49) and controls (n=47). (a) SDIs and siblings both demonstrated a significant decrease in gray matter volume in the bilateral IFG as compared with control individuals. There was no difference in volume between SDIs and their siblings. Error bars represent 1 s.e.m.; covariates include gender, smoking status, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores. (b) IFG GM volume decreases significantly correlated bilaterally with an increase in response times on both conditions of the color Stroop task, with a decrease in volume relating to an increase in response latencies.