Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study Cohorts*
| HIV (N=4,308) | Control (N=32,423) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD)† | 41.6 (11.4) | 40.8 (11.8) | <0.001 |
| Women, No. (%) | 1350 (31) | 11204 (35) | <0.001 |
| Race | 0.001 | ||
| White, No. (%) | 2267 (53) | 16919 (52) | |
| Black, No. (%) | 899 (21) | 7288 (22) | |
| Hispanic, No. (%) | 724 (17) | 5604 (17) | |
| Other, No. (%) | 133 (3) | 862 (3) | |
| Unknown, No. (%) | 285 (7) | 1750 (5) | |
| Hypertension, No. (%) | 1600 (37) | 10149 (31) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, No. (%) | 956 (22) | 4830 (15) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, No. (%) | 1734 (40) | 9633 (30) | <0.001 |
| Smoking, No. (%) | 2070 (48) | 9699 (30) | <0.001 |
| Structural heart disease‡, No. (%) | 675 (16) | 3105 (10) | <0.001 |
| Cardiomyopathy, No. (%) | 201 (5) | 1024 (3) | <0.001 |
| Valvular heart disease, No. (%) | 426 (10) | 2007 (6) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure, No. (%) | 341 (8) | 1426 (4) | <0.001 |
| Endocarditis, No. (%) | 153 (4) | 244 (1) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter, No. (%) | 137 (3) | 1092 (3) | 0.519 |
| Acute myocardial infarction, No. (%) | 334 (8) | 1602 (5) | <0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease, No. (%) | 772 (18) | 4572 (14) | <0.001 |
| Aspirin use, No. (%) | 850 (20) | 6026 (19) | 0.07 |
| Warfarin use, No. (%) | 241 (6) | 1494 (5) | 0.004 |
| Statin use, No. (%) | 695 (16) | 5738 (18) | 0.01 |
| NRTI use, No. (%)§ | 2001 (95) | N/A | |
| NNRTI use, No. (%)§ | 1178 (56) | N/A | |
| PI use, No. (%)§ | 1406 (67) | N/A | |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3), mean (SD)∥ | 473 (317) | N/A | |
| Nadir CD4 count (cells/mm3), mean (SD)¶ | 271 (252) | N/A | |
| HIV RNA (log, copies/mL), median (IQR)∥ | 0 (0, 868) | N/A | |
| HIV RNA≤400 copies/ml, No. (%)∥ | 1716 (73) | N/A | |
| CNS infection/malignancy, No. (%) | 153 (4) | 39 (<1) | <0.001 |
| Duration follow-up in years, mean (SD) | 5.9 (4.1) | 6.4 (4.7) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: SD = standard deviation; ART = antiretroviral therapy; NRTI = nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI = non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI = protease inhibitor; CNS = central nervous system.
ICD-9-CM codes used to identify diagnoses: hypertension, 401; diabetes mellitus, 250; dyslipidemia, 272 (excluding 272.3 and 272.6), cardiomyopathy, 425; valvular heart disease, 394-396,398.91,424.0, 424.1; heart failure, 428.0, 428.1, 428.2, 428.4. 428.9; endocarditis, 421, 424.9; atrial fibrillation/flutter, 427.3; acute myocardial infarction, 410; coronary heart disease, 410-414 (excluding 413.1); CNS infection/malignancy, 013 (tuberculosis), 321.0 (cryptococcus), 112.83 (candida), 054.3, 054.72 (herpes simplex virus), 130.0 (toxoplasma), 053.0, 053.10 (herpes zoster virus), 046.3 (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy) , 200.5 (CNS lymphoma), 094.81, 094.9, 094.2, 091.81 (syphilis). All subtypes included unless otherwise indicated.
At beginning of observation period.
Any ICD-9-CM code from cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease or heart failure.
Percentages are from patients with ART data available (N=2105).
Most recent value prior to end of observation.
Lowest at any point during observation period.