Table 2.
PBPQ Items Scores by Pretest and Posttest (N = 24)
| Item | Pretest | Posttest | Paired t-test | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | t | P* | |
| Legitimacy of Self-report | ||||||
| Observable vital sign changes not relied on to verify report | 4.12 | 1.48 | 5.33 | 0.92 | 4.28 | 0.008 |
| Child may sleep in spite of severe pain | 4.50 | 1.17 | 5.63 | 0.58 | 5.12 | <.001 |
| Child older than 8 years can reliably report pain intensity | 4.96 | 1.25 | 4.92 | 1.21 | -0.25 | 1.000 |
| Observable behavioral changes not relied on to verify report | 3.62 | 1.47 | 4.83 | 1.52 | 3.50 | 0.049 |
| Most accurate judge of child's pain intensity is the child | 5.00 | 1.10 | 5.92 | 0.28 | 4.53 | 0.005 |
| Most accurate judge of child's pain intensity is not the nurse | 5.12 | 0.91 | 5.54 | 0.78 | 2.10 | 1.000 |
| Use of Analgesics | ||||||
| Respiratory depression rarely occurs | 2.69 | 1.38 | 4.96 | 1.68 | 4.45 | 0.005 |
| Addiction, physical dependence, tolerance not similar | 4.77 | 1.50 | 5.50 | 1.02 | 2.23 | 0.931 |
| Not real danger of addiction | 4.42 | 1.55 | 5.67 | 0.76 | 3.68 | 0.031 |
| Likelihood of opioid addiction is < 1% | 4.69 | 1.44 | 5.63 | 0.92 | 2.93 | 0.195 |
| Not a real danger of deep sedation | 3.92 | 1.32 | 4.96 | 1.16 | 4.03 | 0.013 |
| Not a real danger physical dependence | 4.54 | 1.48 | 4.96 | 1.33 | 1.12 | 1.000 |
| Not a real danger of tolerance | 4.12 | 1.40 | 4.46 | 1.53 | 0.97 | 1.000 |
| Increased dosages of morphine provide increased relief | 3.81 | 1.13 | 4.21 | 1.72 | 1.40 | 1.000 |
| After initial dose, adjust doses to child's response | 4.69 | 1.26 | 5.46 | 0.72 | 2.94 | 0.190 |
| Give analgesics around the clock on a fixed schedule | 5.27 | 0.78 | 5.79 | 0.41 | 3.68 | 0.031 |
| Do not only give analgesics when child asks | 5.15 | 0.73 | 5.46 | 0.88 | 1.43 | 1.000 |
| Do not only give analgesics when nurse determines | 5.19 | 1.10 | 5.54 | 0.88 | 2.32 | 0.772 |
| Opioids plus nonopioids more effective pain relief | 5.12 | 0.95 | 5.75 | 0.53 | 4.04 | 0.013 |
| Nonpharmacological methods alone not effective to relieve moderate/severe pain | 4.08 | 1.41 | 4.92 | 1.67 | 3.04 | 0.153 |
| Multiple points on pain pathway for pain relief strategies | 5.35 | 0.56 | 5.88 | 0.34 | 4.15 | 0.010 |
| Effects of Unrelieved Pain | ||||||
| Harmful physiological & psychological effects | 5.46 | 0.51 | 5.96 | 0.20 | 4.80 | <.001 |
| Immune system changes can lead to death | 3.64 | 1.35 | 5.58 | 0.65 | 8.16 | <.001 |
| Cardiopulmonary changes (hypoxemia & pneumonia) | 4.64 | 1.15 | 5.88 | 0.34 | 5.43 | <.001 |
| Gastric stasis & paralytic ileus | 4.04 | 1.34 | 5.88 | 0.45 | 6.73 | <.001 |
| Changes in CNS, increased sensitivity to pain | 4.42 | 1.21 | 5.88 | 0.34 | 5.99 | <.001 |
*
Adjusted p value with Bonferroni correction.
Note. M = mean