Table 5. Unstandardized Estimates (and Standard Errors) of Multilevel Models Predicting Change in Performance.

Fixed Effects	N-back	Memory updating
Intercept, γ00	1.10***(.01)	1.00***(.03)
Age, γ01	−.001 (.0003)	−.002 (.001)
IIV Control, γ03	.11 (.045)	.12 (.12)
Difficulty, γ10	−.06***(.003)	−.08***(.01)
Session, γ20	−.01**(.005)	.02*(.01)
Average Control, γ02	.02*(.001)	.04(.02)
IIV Control × Difficulty, γ11	−.03**(.01)	−.03(.02)
IIV Control × Session, γ21	−.01(.01)	.01(.03)
Difficulty × Session, γ30	.002(.003)	.002(.005)
IIV Control × Difficulty × Session, γ31	.006(.004)	−.001(.01)
Random Effects
Level 2 (τ00)	.003***	.02***
Level 1 (σ2)	.007***	.04***
R2 (Level 1)	.46	.44
R2 (Level 2)	.00	.06

^***p< .001

^**p< .01

^*p< .05

R² values were calculated using pseudo R² (Raudenbush & Bryk, 2002)