Table 3. Decoy oligonucleotides targeting STAT3 and STAT5 in cancer.

Preclinical cancer models	Target protein	Key findings
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma59,62	STAT3	In vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy associated with downmodulation of STAT3 target gene expression
Lung cancer63	STAT3	Induced apoptosis and downregulated STAT3 target genes both in vitro and in vivo and inhibited tumor growth
Breast cancer64	STAT3	Retarded tumor growth accompanied by immune activation
Skin cancer65	STAT3	Inhibited growth both in vitro and in vivo
Brain cancer66	STAT3	Suppressed in vivo tumor growth by inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis
Colorectal cancer67	STAT3	Inhibition of phospho-STAT3 nuclear localization and in vitro cell death
Ovarian cancer68	STAT3	Inhibited cancer cell invasion and enhanced sensitivity to paclitaxel
Leukemia13	STAT5	Inhibited growth and proliferation