Table 1.
Implementation, Intervention Components, Comparator, and Adherence in Included Studies
| Implementation Strategies | Intervention Components for All Patients | Intervention Components for High-Risk Patients Only | Comparator Information | Adherence Strategies and Fidelity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Staff education to raise awareness of fall prevention or training for specific tools3–7,12–15,17–19,21–32,34,35,38–45,47–49,51,53,55,57,58 | Fall risk assessment2–4,6,13,14,16–21,23,26,29–34,36–40,43–45,47–51,53,55–59 | Alert signs placed on beds, doors, patients'' records2–6,13,17–21,26,29,31,32,36,38,40,41,43–45,48,49,51–53,55,56,59 | Risk assessment2,4,6,10,14,15,29,33,34,48,50,56 | Audit and feedback on adherence to processes of care1–9,11,12,15,17,19,21,27,28,31,34,37,39,42–44,49,51,57 |
| Interdisciplinary team, task force or other hospital committee established13,17,18,26,28,29,31,33,34,36,38,41,42,48,49,53,55,57,59 | Postfall evaluations12,13,17,20–22,26,29,34,38,47,49,51,55–57 | Care, safety, and toileting rounds6,7,12,13,16,18–21,24,29,30,34,38,40–43,45,47,48,52,53,55–57 | Restraints10–12,24,31,48,51,54,58 | Monitoring and disseminating data on falls5,6,12,14,19,28,32,42,43,53,56,57,59 |
| Piloting the intervention in selected units2,26,29,31,36,39,44,45,47,49,53,55,59 | Patient and family education4,6,26,33,34,45,47,49,53,55–57 | Bed- or chair-exit alarm systems1,4,6,9,10,12,17,21–23,26,27,29,30,32,34,40,41,43,47,51,55,57,58 | Alert signs placed on beds, doors, patients'' records2,4,6,15,32,56 | Fall prevention included in electronic health record2,4,45–47,49 |
| Activities to raise leadership awareness or gain support3,12,13,42,44,57,59 | Care, safety, and toileting rounds7,16,21,38,41,52 | Patient and family education2,13,14,17,19–21,29–32,36,41,43,44,48,50 | Other strategies1,2,4,6,8–11,15,22,27,29,32,41,48–51,53,54,56,57 | Other adherence-promoting strategies5,8,9,15–17,19,21,22,27,28,31,32,43,45,53,57,59 |
| Continuous quality improvement techniques; Plan-Do-Study-Act, Institute for Healthcare Improvement spread framework2,28,42,49,52,55,57 | Awareness posters5,26,33,56 | Identification wrist bands3,6,17,21,26,29,34,41,44,47,49 | No information on existing fall prevention measures3,5,7,13,16–21,23,25,26,28,30,35–40,42–47,52,55,59 | No specified adherence strategy and no fidelity data10,13,14,18,20,23–26,29,30,33,35,36,38,40,41,48,50,52,54,55,58 |
| Other implementation strategies8,14,17,27–29,34–36,47,49,53,57 | Clutter-free, safe environment efforts6,45,50,53 | Bed side rails1,4,20,38,43–45,48,50,54 | ||
| No specified implementation strategy1,9–11,16,20,37,46,50,54 | Medication review14,16,33,35 | Low beds1,4,27,29,34,43,44,48 | ||
| Low beds45,50,53 | Nonskid socks and footwear1,20,26,36,43,44,47,48 | |||
| Call lights within reach enforcement34,53 | Use of sitters21,40,50,53–56,59 | |||
| Nonskid socks and footwear21,50 | Care plan communicated at change of shift report5,13,17,18,38,49,51,55 | |||
| Other intervention components4,8,15,17,19,26,27,33–35,41,42,45,47,50,52–57 | Moving high-risk patients close to nurses'' station or cluster6,12,13,29,30,42,47,59 | |||
| Medication review6,26,44,46,49,57 | ||||
| Call lights within reach enforcement4,7,20,43,48,50 | ||||
| Clutter-free, safe environment efforts18,26,38,44,50 | ||||
| Bedside commode1,29,43 | ||||
| Other intervention components1–5,10,12–15,17–22,25,26,29–34,37–42,44,45,47–51,53–57 |
References in this table are found in the online supporting information.