Table 3.

Evidence Table of Included Studies Reporting Fall Incidence Rate Ratios

		Implementation Strategies							Intervention Components															Comparator; Existing Strategies in Control Group			Adherence Strategies				Fall Rate		Log Scale Fall Incidence Rate Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
Study	Setting	Staff Education	Team, Task Force	Pilot Intervention	Leadership Support	Continuous Quality Improvement, Spread Techniques	Other	None Specified	Fall Risk Assessment	Alert Signs	Education	Rounds	Bed-Exit Alarms	Postfall Evaluation	Bed Side Rails	Low Beds	Identification Band	Nonskid Footwear	Clutter-Free Environment	Medication Review	Sitters	High-Risk Near Nurses	Other Components	Risk Assessment	Other Strategies	No Information	Monitoring Data on Falls	Care Audit/ Feedback	Other Strategies	None Specified	Before or Control	After or Intervention
Concurrent control
Dykes, 122	8 units in 4 urban hospitals			X		X			X	X	X												X	X	X			X	X		4.64	3.48a	0.75a (0.55–1.02)
Hunderfund, 204	Neurology unit and 6 medical units in tertiary care hospital	X							X	X	X		X		X	X							X	X	X			X			2.99 5.69	4.12	1.38 a (1.05–1.82) 0.72 (0.54–0.98)
Krauss, 136	4 general medicine floors in urban, 1,300-bed tertiary care academic hospital	X							X	X	X	X	X			X	X		X	X		X	X	X	X		X	X			6.85	5.09 a	0.74 a (0.53–1.05)
Padula, 20118	3 medical–surgical units in teaching hospital						X																X		X			X	X		2.80	3.20 a	1.14a(0.54–2.42)
Spetz, 200710	Postneurosurgery unit in acute care hospital							X					X										X	X	X					X	6.12	2.79a	0.46a (0.10–1.99)
Before-after study design
Barker, 1413	2 psychiatric units in acute care hospital	X	X		X				X	X	X	X		X								X	X			X				X	6.84	5.10	0.75 (0.59–0.94)
Dacenko-Grawe, 1521	325-bed teaching hospital	X							X	X	X	X	X	X			X	X			X		X			X		X	X		4.04	2.77	0.69 (0.56–0.84)
Geffre, 1923	6 medical units (medical, oncology, surgical, telemetry, transitional care, rehabilitation)	X							X				X													X				X	2.04	1.52	0.75 (0.50. 1.12)
Lane, 2137	Medical–surgical and critical care units in metropolitan community hospital							X	X														X			X		X			2.27	3.89	1.71 (1.49–1.97)
Peterson, 1846	Medical, surgical, neurology, and gynecology services of urban 720-bed tertiary care hospital							X												X						X			X		6.40	2.80	0.44 (0.27–0.70)
Rainville, 1748	Medical surgical units in 248-bed facility	X	X						X	X	X	X			X	X		X					X	X	X					X	7.76	7.74	1.00 (0.58–1.71)
Weinberg, 1657	714-bed tertiary care teaching hospital	X	X		X	X	X		X		X	X	X	X						X			X		X		X	X	X		3.60	1.94	0.54 (0.43–0.68)

Note: References in this table are found in the online supporting information.

^aCompared with a concurrent control group.