Table 3.
Implementation Strategies | Intervention Components | Comparator; Existing Strategies in Control Group | Adherence Strategies | Fall Rate | Log Scale Fall Incidence Rate Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study | Setting | Staff Education | Team, Task Force | Pilot Intervention | Leadership Support | Continuous Quality Improvement, Spread Techniques | Other | None Specified | Fall Risk Assessment | Alert Signs | Education | Rounds | Bed-Exit Alarms | Postfall Evaluation | Bed Side Rails | Low Beds | Identification Band | Nonskid Footwear | Clutter-Free Environment | Medication Review | Sitters | High-Risk Near Nurses | Other Components | Risk Assessment | Other Strategies | No Information | Monitoring Data on Falls | Care Audit/ Feedback | Other Strategies | None Specified | Before or Control | After or Intervention | |
Concurrent control | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dykes, 122 | 8 units in 4 urban hospitals | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 4.64 | 3.48a | 0.75a (0.55–1.02) | |||||||||||||||||||
Hunderfund, 204 | Neurology unit and 6 medical units in tertiary care hospital | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 2.99 5.69 | 4.12 | 1.38 a (1.05–1.82) 0.72 (0.54–0.98) | ||||||||||||||||||
Krauss, 136 | 4 general medicine floors in urban, 1,300-bed tertiary care academic hospital | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 6.85 | 5.09 a | 0.74 a (0.53–1.05) | |||||||||||||
Padula, 20118 | 3 medical–surgical units in teaching hospital | X | X | X | X | X | 2.80 | 3.20 a | 1.14a(0.54–2.42) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spetz, 200710 | Postneurosurgery unit in acute care hospital | X | X | X | X | X | X | 6.12 | 2.79a | 0.46a (0.10–1.99) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Before-after study design | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Barker, 1413 | 2 psychiatric units in acute care hospital | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 6.84 | 5.10 | 0.75 (0.59–0.94) | |||||||||||||||||
Dacenko-Grawe, 1521 | 325-bed teaching hospital | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 4.04 | 2.77 | 0.69 (0.56–0.84) | |||||||||||||||
Geffre, 1923 | 6 medical units (medical, oncology, surgical, telemetry, transitional care, rehabilitation) | X | X | X | X | X | 2.04 | 1.52 | 0.75 (0.50. 1.12) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lane, 2137 | Medical–surgical and critical care units in metropolitan community hospital | X | X | X | X | X | 2.27 | 3.89 | 1.71 (1.49–1.97) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Peterson, 1846 | Medical, surgical, neurology, and gynecology services of urban 720-bed tertiary care hospital | X | X | X | X | 6.40 | 2.80 | 0.44 (0.27–0.70) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rainville, 1748 | Medical surgical units in 248-bed facility | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 7.76 | 7.74 | 1.00 (0.58–1.71) | ||||||||||||||||
Weinberg, 1657 | 714-bed tertiary care teaching hospital | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 3.60 | 1.94 | 0.54 (0.43–0.68) |
Note: References in this table are found in the online supporting information.
Compared with a concurrent control group.