Fig. 1.

A. muciniphila abundance is decreased in obese and diabetic mice, and prebiotic treatment restored A. muciniphila to basal levels and reversed metabolic endotoxemia and related disorders. (A) A. muciniphila abundance (log₁₀ of bacteria per g of cecal content) measured in the cecal content of leptin-deficient (ob-ob) obese mice and their lean littermates (lean) (n = 5). (B) A. muciniphila abundance (log₁₀ of bacteria per g of cecal content) measured in the cecal content of control diet-fed mice (CT) or CT diet-fed mice treated with prebiotics (CT-Pre) added to their drinking water and HF diet-fed mice (HF) or HF diet-fed mice treated with prebiotics (HF-Pre) added to their drinking water for 8 wk (n = 10). (C) A. muciniphila abundance (log₁₀ of bacteria per g of cecal content) measured in the cecal content of obese mice fed a control diet (ob-CT) or treated with prebiotics (ob-Pre) for 5 wk (n = 10). (D) Portal vein serum LPS levels (n = 7–9). (E) mRNA expression of the adipose tissue macrophage infiltration marker CD11c (n = 10). (F) Total fat mass gain measured by time-domain NMR (n = 10). (G) Pearson’s correlation between log values of portal vein LPS levels and A. muciniphila abundance (log₁₀ of bacteria per g of cecal content); (Inset) Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and the corresponding P value. Data are shown as means ± SEM; *P < 0.05 by two-tailed Student t test, data with different superscript letters are significantly different (P < 0.05) according to post hoc ANOVA one-way statistical analysis.