Table 2.
The list of key literature using neuroeconomical paradigms.
| Reference | Sample | Method | Moral emotion | Paradigm | Main conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polman and Ruttan (2012) | Healthy subjects | Behavioral | Guilt | Donations | Guilt reduces moral hypocrisy |
| Destoop et al. (2012) | MDD | Behavioral | – | UG | No difference of acceptance frequency between patients and controls |
| Nelissen et al. (2011) | Healthy subjects | Behavioral | Guilt | UG | Anticipated guilt correlates with the amount of money offered |
| Jacquet et al. (2011) | Healthy subjects | Behavioral | Shame | Public goods | Threat of shame increased the amount of donations |
| Zak (2011) | Healthy subjects | Neuro modulation | – | UG | Oxytocin increases offers, inhibiting its binding reduces generosity |
| Harle et al. (2010) | MDD | Behavioral | – | UG | Patients accept unfair offers at a higher rate than controls |
| Koenigs et al. (2010) | Psychopaths | Behavioral | – | UG/DG | Higher altruistic punishment but lower dictator offers in primary psychopaths |
| Izuma et al. (2010) | Healthy subjects | FMRI | – | Donations | Ventral striatum activation for donations in the presence of social audience |
| Osumi and Ohira (2010) | Psychopaths | Behavioral | – | UG | Psychopathic individuals accept unfair offers at a higher rate |
| Krajbich et al. (2009) | vmPFC patients | FMRI | – | UG/DG | Patients make lower dictator offers |
| Miettinen and Suetens (2008) | Healthy subjects | Behavioral | Guilt | PD | Defectors feel guilt when they violate previous cooperative agreements |
| de Hooge et al. (2008) | Healthy subjects | Behavioral | Shame | Donations | Endogenous shame promotes interpersonal donations |
| Crockett et al. (2008) | Healthy subjects | Neuro modulation | – | UG | Acute tryptophan depletion increases altruistic punishment |
| Mokros et al. (2008) | Psychopaths | Behavioral | – | PD | Inpatient psychopaths defect significantly more than controls |
| de Hooge et al. (2007) | Healthy subjects | Behavioral | Guilt/Shame | Donations | Guilt promotes interpersonal donations, shame does not have any impact |
| Rilling et al. (2007) | Subclinical | FMRI | – | PD | Deactivation of ACC for decisions to defect |
| Singer et al. (2006) | Healthy subjects | FMRI | – | PD | Empathic responses in ACC and anterior insula when fair participants are punished with an electric shock |
| Knoch et al. (2006) | Healthy subjects | Behavioral | – | UG | Disrupting right dlPFC diminishes altruistic punishment |
| Moll et al. (2006) | Healthy subjects | FMRI | – | Donations | sgACC activation for decisions to make donations |
| Sanfey et al. (2003) | Healthy subjects | FMRI | – | UG | Right anterior insula activation for altruistic punishment |
| Ketelaar and Au (2003) | Healthy subjects | Behavioral | Guilt | PD/UG | Guilt increased cooperation and the amount of money offered |
| Hoffman et al. (1996) | Healthy subjects | Behavioral | – | DG | Increasing social distance reduces dictator offers |
| Hokanson et al. (1980) | Subclinical | Behavioral | – | PD | Depressed individuals defected more in the high-power role |
Studies were listed chronologically (the most recent first), so that advancements and limitations in this field of research can be observed.