Table 2. Univariate and multivariate analyses for overall survival and progression-free survival according to cytokine level in patients receiving gemcitabine monotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer.
|
|
|
Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tested factor | N | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
Overall survival | ||||||
GM-CSF | High | 20 | 1.84 (1.02–3.21) | 0.042 | ||
IFN-γ | High | 12 | 1.16 (0.53–2.29) | 0.686 | ||
IL-1β | High | 20 | 2.33 (1.27–4.18) | 0.007 | 1.88 (1.01–3.45) | 0.048 |
IL-2 | High | 12 | 2.09 (1.01–4.00) | 0.048 | ||
IL-6 | High | 30 | 2.41 (1.39–4.20) | 0.002 | 2.10 (1.19–3.74) | 0.011 |
IL-8 | High | 29 | 1.49 (0.87–2.57) | 0.149 | ||
IL-10 | High | 30 | 1.22 (0.71–2.11) | 0.465 | ||
IL-12 | High | 22 | 2.06 (1.12–3.72) | 0.020 | ||
TNF-α |
High |
30 |
0.98 (0.57–1.68) |
0.939 |
|
|
Progression-free survival | ||||||
GM-CSF | High | 20 | 1.61 (0.91–2.76) | 0.098 | ||
IFN-γ | High | 12 | 1.27 (0.64–2.33) | 0.481 | ||
IL-1β | High | 20 | 2.33 (1.30–4.08) | 0.005 | 1.81 (0.98–3.27) | 0.056 |
IL-2 | High | 12 | 2.08 (1.02–3.97) | 0.043 | ||
IL-6 | High | 30 | 2.67 (1.56–4.56) | <0.001 | 2.32 (1.33–4.07) | 0.003 |
IL-8 | High | 29 | 1.27 (0.75–2.14) | 0.362 | ||
IL-10 | High | 30 | 1.46 (0.87–2.45) | 0.148 | ||
IL-12 | High | 22 | 2.13 (1.21–3.72) | 0.010 | ||
TNF-α | High | 30 | 1.15 (0.68–1.93) | 0.595 |
Abbreviations: CI=confidence interval; GM-CSF=granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; HR=hazard ratio; IFN=interferon; IL=interleukin; TNF=tumour necrosis factor.