Figure 2.

Metformin and IR mediate sustained modulation of molecular tumour growth and suppression pathways. A549 cells were treated with either MET (0, 5 or 100 μmol) for 48 h, IR (0, 8 Gy) for 24 h or combined MET+IR treatments. Cells were washed and lysed. Lysates were analysed with immunoblotting using indicated antibodies. (A) Representative immunoblots are shown. (B and C) Mean±s.e. densitometric quantification values from three independent immunoblotting experiments are shown for markers of the AMPK–p53–p21^cip1 and the Akt–mTOR–4EBP1 pathways, respectively. (^xP<0.05 between 0 μℳ MET treatment groups (0 Gy vs 8 Gy); ^#P<0.05, ^##P<0.001 between 5 μℳ MET group (0 Gy vs 8 Gy). *P<0.05 compared to cells not treated with MET in the same IR group, respectively).