Table 1.
Body fat and fat-free mass anthropometric equations.
| Reference | Sex | Equation | Equation number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Masc.a | D = 1.1533 – 0.0643 [log∑4 skinfold thicknesses] | ||
| Durnin and Rahaman (1967) [7] | Fem.a | D = 1.1369 – 0.0598 [log∑4 skinfold thicknesses] | |
| % BF = [(4.95/D) – 4.50] × 100 | (1) | ||
| Masc.b | D = 1.1620 – 0.063 [log∑4 skinfold thicknesses] | ||
| Durnin and Womersley (1974) [8] | Fem.b | D = 1.1549 – 0.0678 [log∑4 skinfold thicknesses] | |
| % BF = [(4.95/D) – 4.50] × 100 | |||
|
| |||
| Masc. | % BF = 1.35 [triceps (mm) + subscapular (mm)] – 0.012 | ||
| Boileau et al. (1985) [9] | [triceps (mm) + subscapular (mm)]2 – 4.4 | (2) | |
| Fem. | % BF = 1.35 [triceps (mm) + subscapular (mm)] – 0.012 | ||
| [triceps (mm) + subscapular (mm)]2 – 2.4 | |||
|
| |||
| Masc. Fem. |
% BF = 0.735 [triceps (mm) + calf (mm)] + 1.0 % BF = 0.610 [triceps (mm) + calf (mm)] + 5.1 |
(3) | |
| Masc.c | % BF = 1.21 [triceps (mm) + subscapular (mm)] – 0.008 | ||
| Slaughter et al. (1988) [10] | [triceps (mm) + subscapular (mm)]2 + I | ||
| Fem.c | % BF = 1.33 [triceps (mm) + subscapular (mm)] – 0.013 | (4) | |
| [triceps (mm) + subscapular (mm)]2 – 2.5 | |||
| Masc.d
Fem.d |
% BF = 0.783 [triceps (mm) + subscapular (mm)] + 1.6 % BF = 0.546 [triceps (mm) + subscapular (mm)] + 9.7 |
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| Weststrate and Deurenberg (1989) [11] | Masc. Fem. |
% BF = ({562 − 4.2[A − 2]}/D
† − {525 − 4.7[A − 2]} % BF = ({553 − 7.3[A − 10]}/D † − {514 − 8.0[A − 10]} |
(5) |
|
| |||
| Masc. | FFM = 0.646 (Wt) – 0.116 [lateral calf (mm)] – 0.375 | ||
| Guo et al. (1989) [12] | [midaxillary (mm)] + 0.475 [arm muscle circumference (cm)] + 0.156 (Ht2/R) – 2.932 |
(6) |
|
| Fem. | FFM = 0.682 (Wt) – 0.185 [lateral calf (mm)] – 0.244 | ||
| [triceps (mm)] – 0.202 [subscapular (mm)] + 0.182 (Ht2/R) + 4.338 | |||
|
| |||
| Deurenberg et al. (1990) [13] | Masc. Fem. |
% BF = 18.88 [log (∑4 skinfold thicknesses)] – 15.58 % BF = 39.02 [log (∑4 skinfold thicknesses)] – 43.49 |
(7) |
|
| |||
| Deurenberg et al. (1991) [14] | Masc./Fem.e
Masc. /Fem.f |
% BF = 1.51 (BMI) – 0.70 (A) – 3.6 (S) + 1.4 % BF = 1.2 (BMI) + 0.23 (A) – 10.8 (S) −5.4 |
(8) |
|
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| Houtkooper et al. (1992) [15] | Masc./Fem. | FFM = 0.61 (Ht2/R) + 0.25 (Wt) + 1.31 | (9) |
|
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| Ellis (1997) [16] and Ellis et al. (1997) [17] | Masc.g
Masc.h Fem.g Fem.h |
F = 0.534 (Wt) – 1.59 (A) + 3.03 F = 0.594 (Wt) – 0.381 (Ht) + 36.0 F = 0.642 (Wt) – 0.120 (Ht) – 0.606 (A) + 8.98 F = 0.653 (Wt) – 0.163 (Ht) – 0.298 (A) + 10.7 |
(10) |
aEquation for adolescents aged 15-16 years; bequation for adolescents aged 17-18 years; c for a sum of triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses <35 mm; dfor a sum of triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses >35 mm; eequation for adolescents aged ≤15 years; fequation for adolescents aged ≥16 years; gequations for white individuals; hequations for black individuals; log∑4 skinfold thicknesses = logarithm sum of bicipital, tricipital, suprailiacal, subscapular skinfold thicknesses (mm); for boys aged 2–18 y: D † = {1.1315 + (0.0018[A − 2])} − {0.0719 − 0.0006[A − 2] × log(∑4 skin fold thicknesses)} and for girls aged 11–18 y: D † ={1.1350 + (0,0031[A − 10])} − {0.0719 − 0.0003[A − 2] × log(∑4 skin fold thicknesses)}; Eq: equation; Fem: feminine sex; Masc.: masculine sex; D: density (g/L); % BF: percentage of body fat; FFM: fat free mass (kg), R: resistance (Ω); A: age (years); F: fat (kg); BMI: body mass index (kg/m2); S: sex (masculine = 1 and feminine = 0); Wt: body weight (kg); Ht: height (cm); I: intercept in males varies for maturation level and racial group as follows: for black males: prepubescent = − 3.5; pubescent = − 5.2; postpubescent and adult = − 6.8. For white males: prepubescent = − 1.7; pubescent = − 3.4; postpubescent and adult = − 5.5.