Table 2.
Study 2: Anthropometric and frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (fsIVGTT) parameters, fasting plasma hormone levels, and body composition in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) subjects
| Parameter | LCD-DM
|
RYGB-DM
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | |
| N (F/M) | 7 (4/3) | 7 (5/2) | ||
| Anthropometrics | ||||
| Age (years) | 51.7 ± 3.5 | 5.0 ± 3.9 | ||
| Body weight (kg) | 122 ± 7 | 111 ± 6*** | 132 ± 8 | 121 ± 7*** |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 43.3 ± 1.8 | 39.5 ± 1.5** | 46.8 ± 3.1 | 43.1 ± 2.7*** |
| Weight loss (%) | 8.5 ± 1.1 | 7.7 ± 0.8 | ||
| Weight loss period (week) | 8.1 ± 0.5 | 3.4 ± 0.3††† | ||
| Glucostatic measures | ||||
| HbA1c (%) | 7.8 ± 0.5 | — | 7.5 ± 0.4 | — |
| Insulin (μIU/ml) | 16.5 ± 3.7 | 15.1 ± 1.9 | 22.9 ± 4.9 | 15.1 ± 3.1* |
| C-peptide (ng/ml) | 4.4 ± 1.4 | 4.1 ± 0.6 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 0.4*,† |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 195 ± 30 | 147 ± 14 | 155 ± 13 | 116 ± 8* |
| HOMAIR (mU × mmol × l−2) | 8.4 ± 2.9 | 5.6 ± 1.1 | 8.2 ± 1.5 | 4.2 ± 0.8** |
| Sg (× 10−2× min−1) | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
| Si (ml× μU−1× min−1) | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.9 ± 0.3** |
| AIRg (ml−1× μU × min) | 38 ± 23 | 63 ± 27* | 29 ± 16 | 113 ± 41* |
| DI | 38 ± 26 | 94 ± 35* | 10 ± 5 | 268 ± 88* |
| ACPRg (%) | 5 ± 4 | 18 ± 8 | 8 ± 4 | 57 ± 20* |
| Kg (% × min−1) | 0.79 ± 0.11 | 0.95 ± 0.33 | 0.75 ± 0.13 | 1.13 ± 0.28 |
| Peptides | ||||
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 27.2 ± 3.8 | 26.4 ± 3.9 | 30.1 ± 2.0 | 19.7 ± 2.4* |
| GLP-1 (pmol/l) | 9.4 ± 2.0 | 8.8 ± 3.1 | 6.9 ± 1.2 | 11.2 ± 3.6 |
| PYY (pg/ml) | 68 ± 32 | 73 ± 23 | 66 ± 52 | 57 ± 21 |
| Ghrelin (pg/ml) | 328 ± 24 | 311 ± 29 | 232 ± 15†† | 268 ± 27 |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml) | 2.5 ± 0.4 | 3.1 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.3 | 3.8 ± 0.4** |
| CRP (mg/l) | 10.6 ± 3.5 | 7.1 ± 4.5 | 17.1 ± 6.3 | 14.9 ± 4.1 |
| Lipids | ||||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 184 ± 14 | 170 ± 16 | 162 ± 11 | 134 ± 17 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 46 ± 4 | 43 ± 3 | 43 ± 2 | 33 ± 2*,† |
| Total/HDL cholesterol | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 4.1 ± 0.4 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 107 ± 12 | 99 ± 11 | 101 ± 12 | 82 ± 17 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 156 ± 35 | 143 ± 43 | 87± 14 | 93 ± 8 |
| FFA (mmol/l) | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 |
| Body compositiona (cm²) | ||||
| SM | 160 ± 12 | 156 ± 11 | 179 ± 6 | 165 ± 9 |
| SAT | 524 ± 84 | 414 ± 11* | 511 ± 170 | 454 ± 133 |
| VAT | 218 ± 35 | 205 ± 23 | 240 ± 88 | 198 ± 76 |
| IMAT | 10 ± 4 | 6 ± 2 | 11 ± 3 | 14 ± 2†,** |
Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m.
ACRPg, acute C-peptide response to glucose; AIRg, acute insulin response to glucose; CRP, C-reactive protein; DI, disposition index; DM, diabetes mellitus; FFA, free fatty acids; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high density lipoprotein; HOMAIR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; IMAT, intermuscular adipose tissue; Kg, Glucose disappearance rate; LAGB, laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding; LCD, low calorie diet; LDL, low density lipoprotein; PYY, peptide YY; RYGB, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; Sg, glucose-dependent glucose elimination; Si, insulin sensitivity; SM, skeletal muscle; VAT, visceral adipose tissue.
MRI data are only available for four (RYGB) and six (LCD) subjects due to inability of subject to tolerate MRI, and SAT data are only available for three (RYGB) and four (LCD) subjects due to limited field of view. Differences between V1 and V2 in the same group:
P < 0.05;
P < 0.01;
P < 0.001 by paired t-test.
Differences between groups at the same time-point:
P < 0.05;
P < 0.01;
P < 0.001 mixed model analysis.