. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jun 3.

Published in final edited form as: Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2008 Sep 23;20(1):33–37. doi: 10.1007/s00192-008-0720-x

Table 1.

Participant Characteristics

Characteristic

Participants, N=50

Age, Mean±SD (Range)	26.1 ± 9.0 years (14–50)

Etiology of Fistula, n=50 (%)	Obstructed labor 98%
	Congenital 2% (birth defect spina bifida)

Tribal Association, n=50 (%)	Fulani 22%
	Hausa 16%
	Tiv 10%
	Other/unnamed 52%

Marital status, n=50 (%)	Married 60%
	Divorced 36%
	Single 4%

Education, n=50 (%)	92% no formal
	4% elementary
	4% secondary

Age of first intercourse, Mean±SD (Range)	15.4 ± 3.0 years (10–23)

Pregnancy of VVF, Mean±SD (Range)	2.5 ± 2.6 (1–11)

Days in labor, Mean±SD (Range)	2.9 ± 1.5 (1–9)

C/S performed in VVF pregnancy, n=15 (%)	30.6%

Previous VVF repair surgery, n=30 (%)	62.5%

Distance to VVF Hospital, Mean±SD (Range)	356.3 + 261.3miles (50 to 1200)

Time frame between fistula development and surgery	6.2 years (1 month to 40 years) (median 2 years)

Lower extremity neurologic injury (foot drop), n=23 (%)	46%

Fecal incontinence (no recto-vaginal fistula), n=5 (%)	10%

Amenorrhea, n=10 (%)	20%

Prior work, n=7 (%)	14%

Currently working, n=7 (%)	14%