Table 3.

Neuropsychological impairment indices (z-scores) for PD subjects and significance relative to controls

	z-scores	F	p	?2
Attention/executive
WAIS-IV DST	−0.47 ± 1.13	4.04	0.048	0.05
WAIS-IV DSF	−0.21 ± 1.04	0.89	0.350	0.01
WAIS-IV Digit Span Backward	−0.45 ± 0.89	4.56	0.036	0.06
WAIS-IV Digit Span Sequence	−0.64 ± 1.69	4.45	0.038	0.06
WAIS-IV LNS	−0.84 ± 1.50	8.91	0.004	0.11
D-KEFS Tower Rule Violations	−0.86 ± 2.15	5.48	0.022	0.07
D-KEFS Tower Total Completion Time	−0.84 ± 0.98	14.88	0.000	0.16
Stroop Word	−0.68 ± 1.07	8.85	0.004	0.10
Stroop Color	−0.25 ± 0.96	1.29	0.260	0.02
Stroop Color-Word	−0.23 ± 0.95	1.16	0.285	0.02
Language
D-KEFS Letter Fluency	−0.27 ± 1.28	1.12	0.294	0.01
D-KEFS Category Fluency	−0.48 ± 1.13	4.09	0.047	0.05
D-KEFS Switching Fluency	−0.54 ± 1.27	4.53	0.036	0.05
D-KEFS Switching Accuracy	−0.52 ± 1.32	4.10	0.046	0.05
RBANS Picture Naming	−1.45 ± 2.41	12.83	0.001	0.14
RBANS Semantic Fluency	−0.55 ± 1.13	5.48	0.022	0.06
Memory
RBANS List Learning	−1.02 ± 1.44	14.06	0.000	0.15
RBANS Story Immediate Memory	−0.86 ± 1.49	9.51	0.003	0.11
RBANS List Recall	−1.08 ± 1.36	17.11	0.000	0.18
RBANS List Recognition	−1.41 ± 1.82	19.18	0.000	0.19
RBANS Story Recall	−1.34 ± 1.73	18.78	0.000	0.19
RBANS Figure Recall	−0.76 ± 1.21	9.64	0.003	0.11
Visuomotor/visuospatial
D-KEFS Trails 1 (Visual)	−1.01 ± 1.88	9.34	0.003	0.11
D-KEFS Trails 2 (Number)	−1.64 ± 2.44	16.17	0.000	0.17
D-KEFS Trails 3 (Letter)	−1.80 ± 3.36	11.03	0.001	0.12
D-KEFS Trails 4 (Number-Letter)	−1.79 ± 3.36	10.85	0.001	0.12
D-KEFS Trails 5 (Motor)	−1.57 ± 2.21	17.38	0.000	0.18
RBANS Coding	−1.04 ± 1.48	14.12	0.000	0.15
RBANS Line Orientation	−0.34 ± 0.85	2.76	0.100	0.03
RBANS Figure Copy	−0.70 ± 1.24	7.91	0.006	0.09

z-scores represent mean ± SD. Significant p values are bolded.