TABLE 2—
Themes of Uncertainties, Challenges, and Complexities by Frequency: January 2009–May 2012.
| Theme | No. | References |
| Clinical uncertainties | ||
| Unrealistic mathematical modeling assumptions | 27 | 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 36, 39, 41, 45, 53, 56, 60, 61, 67, 68, 69, 70, 79, 87, 95, 96, 97, 100, 102, 104, 105 |
| Increased risk behaviors when receiving ART | 25 | 3, 11, 20, 24, 31, 33, 53, 55, 57, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 75, 87, 91, 92, 97, 102, 104, 106 |
| Acute HIV and role in transmission | 20 | 3, 11, 23, 31, 33, 50, 57, 60, 64, 70, 71, 74, 90, 93, 94, 95, 97, 104 |
| Benefits and risks of early initiation of ART | 20 | 3, 16, 20, 24, 28, 29, 38, 39, 48, 50, 51, 53, 56, 57, 60, 61, 67, 72, 98, 102 |
| ARV resistance | 19 | 3, 20, 28, 29, 31, 33, 51, 53, 55, 57, 61, 71, 73, 87, 95, 97, 99, 100, 106 |
| Durability of decreased transmission long term | 9 | 20, 29, 32, 43, 51, 63, 71, 73, 100 |
| Residual genital tract viral secretion | 9 | 20, 28, 31, 53, 56, 64, 65, 66, 95 |
| Role of concurrent sexually transmitted infections | 8 | 31, 53, 63, 64, 65, 66, 87, 102 |
| Penile–anal transmission | 6 | 37, 43, 46, 56, 104, 105 |
| Detecting treatment failure in resource-limited settings | 6 | 35, 55, 71, 79, 103, 104 |
| Health service challenges | ||
| Optimizing linkage and retention rates | 30 | 3, 11, 14, 16, 19, 20, 24, 34, 37, 39, 43, 46, 51, 53, 56, 58, 60, 61, 67, 68, 87, 88, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104 |
| Optimizing HIV testing strategies | 30 | 11, 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 34, 37, 43, 45, 46, 51, 52, 53, 60, 70, 71, 72, 74, 82, 83, 87, 96, 97, 98, 101, 104 |
| Optimizing adherence to ART | 23 | 6, 14, 20, 43, 45, 53, 56, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 68, 71, 74, 75, 96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104 |
| Overcoming social and structural barriers | 22 | 15, 21, 34, 37, 43, 48, 52, 53, 56, 57, 60, 61, 67, 68, 74, 77, 79, 80, 89, 99, 102, 106 |
| Drug and program implementation costs | 22 | 11, 20, 39, 46, 51, 53, 56, 57, 60, 61, 64, 67, 68, 74, 77, 79, 80, 87, 95, 97, 99, 102 |
| Drug supply and second-line drug availability | 9 | 23, 53, 61, 64, 74, 77, 79, 99, 103 |
| Health care workforces issues | 9 | 53, 57, 61, 70, 73, 79, 83, 102, 103 |
| Ethical complexities | ||
| Resource allocation with scarce resources | 22 | 3, 11, 15, 17, 23, 32, 41, 42, 44, 46, 48, 53, 60, 67, 68, 71, 74, 79, 94, 97, 99, 102 |
| Balancing individual vs societal benefit | 13 | 3, 15, 20, 23, 33, 42, 46, 49, 52, 71, 79, 99, 104 |
| Coercion and informed consent | 12 | 6, 15, 20, 32, 33, 40, 46, 53, 61, 84, 101, 102 |
Note. ART = antiretroviral therapy; ARV = antiretroviral.