TABLE 1—
Bivariate and Multivariate Logistic Regression Models Predicting Past-90-Day Antiretroviral (ARV) Diversion Among HIV-Positive Substance Abusers: South Florida, 2010–2012
| Diverters (n = 251), Mean ±SD or No. % | Nondiverters (n = 252), Mean ±SD or No. % | OR (95% CI) | |
| Bivariate models | |||
| Demographics | |||
| Age, y | 45.9 ±7.9 | 46.2 ±7.6 | 1.00 (0.97, 1.02) |
| Male gendera | 166 (66.1) | 133 (52.8) | 1.75** (1.22, 2.50) |
| Years since HIV diagnosis | 13.0 ±7.4 | 13.5 ±7.2 | 0.99 (0.97, 1.02) |
| High school educationa | 132 (52.6) | 152 (60.3) | 1.37 (0.96, 1.95) |
| Health status | |||
| Good self-reported healthb | 124 (49.4) | 125 (49.6) | 1.01 (0.71, 1.43) |
| 95% ARV adherencea | 95 (37.8) | 177 (70.2) | 0.26*** (0.18, 0.37) |
| Risk factors | |||
| Homeless in past 90 da | 120 (47.8) | 77 (30.6) | 2.08*** (1.45, 3.00) |
| Substance dependencea | 155 (61.8) | 123 (48.8) | 1.69** (1.19, 2.41) |
| Severe depressiona | 155 (61.8) | 120 (47.6) | 1.78** (1.25, 2.53) |
| Severe anxietya | 93 (37.1) | 65 (25.8) | 1.69** (1.16, 2.48) |
| HIV-related stigma scorec | 24.6 ±7.7 | 23.1 ±7.5 | 1.03* (1.00, 1.05) |
| Protective factors | |||
| HIV treatment knowledged | 5.6 ±1.5 | 6.0 ±1.0 | 0.76*** (0.66, 0.88) |
| ARV medication attitudese | 8.3 ±2.3 | 8.6 ±1.4 | 0.94 (0.85, 1.03) |
| Health literacyf | 8.5 ±3.6 | 9.6 ±2.9 | 0.91*** (0.86, 0.96) |
| Attitudes toward HIV providersg | 43.4 ±5.7 | 44.2 ±4.9 | 0.97 (0.94, 1.00) |
| Multivariate model | |||
| Male gendera | 1.99*** (1.34, 2.96) | ||
| 95% ARV adherencea | 0.29*** (0.20, 0.43) | ||
| Homeless in past 90 da | 1.64* (1.09, 2.47) | ||
| Substance dependencea | 1.30 (0.85, 1.98) | ||
| Severe depressiona | 1.23 (0.76, 1.99) | ||
| Severe anxietya | 1.08 (0.65, 1.79) | ||
| HIV-related stigma score | 0.99 (0.96, 1.02) | ||
| HIV treatment knowledge | 0.85* (0.72, 0.99) | ||
| Health literacy | 0.92** (0.86, 0.98) | ||
Note. CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio. The total sample size was n = 503. The multivariate model includes significant predictors from the bivariate analyses.
Reference category is “no.”
Reference category is poor or fair.
For HIV-related stigma, scale range = 11–44; higher scores represent higher stigma.
For HIV treatment knowledge, scale range = 0–7; higher scores represent higher knowledge.
For ARV medication attitudes, scale range = 0–10; higher scores represent more positive attitudes.
For health literacy, scale range = 0–12; higher scores represent better health literacy.
For attitudes toward HIV providers, scale range = 12–48; higher scores represent more positive attitudes.
*P ≤ .05; ** P ≤ .01; ***P ≤ .001.