Table 1.

DSM-IV Criteria and Matched NODS Lifetime Questions

Label	Source	Text
Preoccupation	DSM-IV*	“is preoccupied with gambling (e.g., preoccupied with reliving past gambling experiences, handicapping or planning the next venture, or thinking of ways to get money with which to gamble)”
	NODS #2	Have there ever been periods lasting 2 weeks or longer when you spent a lot of time thinking about ways of getting money to gamble with?
Tolerance	DSM-IV	“needs to gamble with increasing amounts of money in order to achieve the desired excitement”
	NODS #3	Have there ever been periods when you needed to gamble with increasing amounts of money or with larger bets than before in order to get the same feeling of excitement?
Withdrawal	DSM-IV	“is restless or irritable when attempting to cut down or stop gambling”
	NODS #4	Have you ever tried to stop, cut down, or control your gambling? AND
	NODS #5	On one or more of the times when you tried to stop, cut down, or control your gambling, were you restless or irritable?
Loss of Control	DSM-IV	“has repeated unsuccessful efforts to control, cut back, or stop gambling”
	NODS #6	Have you ever tried but not succeeded in stopping, cutting down, or controlling your gambling? AND
	NODS #7	If so, has this happened three or more times?
Escape	DSM-IV	“gambles as a way of escaping from problems or of relieving a dysphoric mood (e.g., feelings of helplessness, guilt, anxiety, depression)”
	NODS #8	Have you ever gambled as a way to escape from personal problems? OR
	NODS #9	Have you ever gambled to relieve uncomfortable feelings such as guilt, anxiety, helplessness, or depression?
Chasing	DSM-IV	“after losing money, often returns another day to get even (“chasing” one’s losses)”
	NODS #10	Has there ever been a period when, if you lost money gambling one day, you would return another day to get even?
Lying	DSM-IV	“lies to family members, therapist, or others to conceal the extent of involvement with gambling”
	NODS #12	If so, has this happened three or more times?
Illegal Acts	DSM-IV	“has committed illegal acts such as forgery, fraud, theft, or embezzlement to finance gambling”
	NODS #13	Have you ever written a bad check or taken money that didn’t belong to you from family members or anyone else in order to pay for your gambling?
Risked Relationships	DSM-IV	“has jeopardized or lost a significant relationship, job, or educational or career opportunity because of gambling”
	NODS #14	Has your gambling ever caused serious or repeated problems in your relationships with any of your family members or friends? OR
	NODS #15	Has your gambling caused you any problems in school, such as missing classes or days of school or your grades dropping? OR
	NODS #16	Has your gambling ever caused you to lose a job, have trouble with your job, or miss out on an important job or career opportunity?
Bailout	DSM-IV	“relies on others to provide money to relieve a desperate financial situation caused by gambling”
	NODS #17	Have you ever needed to ask family members or anyone else to loan you money or otherwise bail you out of a desperate money situation that was largely caused by your gambling?.

^*APA, 1994: 618

NODS questions with outlining comprise the NODS-CLiP.