Table 3.
Relative risk of total biliary tract cancer and anatomic subsites of bilary tract cancer in relation to frequency of vigorous physical activitya, NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, 1995–2006.
| Frequency of vigorous physical activitya, times per week | Cases | Person-years | Age- and sex-standardizedb Incidence Rate per 100,000 Person-Years (95% Confidence Interval) | Relative Risk (95% Confidence Interval) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age-and sex-adjustedc | Multivariate-adjustedd | ||||
| Total biliary tract cancer | |||||
| 0 | 66 | 818,247 | 8.3 (6.3–10.4) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| <1 | 41 | 632,732 | 7.1 (4.9–9.3) | 0.84 (0.57–1.24) | 0.90 (0.60–1.33) |
| 1–2 | 69 | 1,003,396 | 7.0 (5.4–8.7) | 0.86 (0.61–1.20) | 0.95 (0.67–1.34) |
| 3–4 | 93 | 1,246,016 | 7.2 (5.7–8.7) | 0.88 (0.64–1.20) | 1.01 (0.73–1.41) |
| 5+ | 48 | 903,624 | 5.0 (3.6–6.5) | 0.61 (0.42–0.89) | 0.73 (0.50–1.08) |
| p-trend | 0.03 | 0.25 | |||
| Extrahepatic bile duct cancer | |||||
| 0 | 20 | 818,247 | 2.5 (1.4–3.6) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| <1 | 15 | 632,732 | 2.6 (1.3–3.9) | 0.98 (0.50–1.91) | 1.04 (0.53–2.04) |
| 1–2 | 20 | 1,003,396 | 2.1 (1.2–2.9) | 0.78 (0.42–1.45) | 0.84 (0.45–1.58) |
| 3–4 | 27 | 1,246,016 | 2.1 (1.3–2.8) | 0.79 (0.44–1.41) | 0.86 (0.47–1.57) |
| 5+ | 20 | 903,624 | 2.0 (1.1–2.8) | 0.78 (0.42–1.45) | 0.86 (0.45–1.65) |
| p-trend | 0.40 | 0.60 | |||
| Ampulla of Vater cancer | |||||
| 0 | 14 | 818,247 | 2.0 (0.9–3.1) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| <1 | 7 | 632,732 | 1.3 (0.3–2.2) | 0.65 (0.26–1.61) | 0.67 (0.27–1.66) |
| 1–2 | 15 | 1,003,396 | 1.5 (0.8–2.3) | 0.82 (0.40–1.71) | 0.86 (0.41–1.80) |
| 3–4 | 28 | 1,246,016 | 2.1 (1.3–2.9) | 1.14 (0.60–2.17) | 1.23 (0.63–2.40) |
| 5+ | 11 | 903,624 | 1.2 (0.5–1.9) | 0.59 (0.27–1.30) | 0.66 (0.29–1.48) |
| p-trend | 0.64 | 0.87 | |||
| Gallbladder cancer | |||||
| 0 | 30 | 818,247 | 3.7 (2.3–5.0) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| <1 | 17 | 632,732 | 2.9 (1.5–4.3) | 0.81 (0.45–1.47) | 0.89 (0.49–1.63) |
| 1–2 | 31 | 1,003,396 | 3.2 (2.1–4.3) | 0.91 (0.55–1.51) | 1.07 (0.64–1.79) |
| 3–4 | 30 | 1,246,016 | 2.4 (1.5–3.2) | 0.68 (0.41–1.14) | 0.86 (0.51–1.46) |
| 5+ | 15 | 903,624 | 1.7 (0.8–2.6) | 0.47 (0.25–0.88) | 0.63 (0.33–1.21) |
| p-trend | 0.01 | 0.16 | |||
Physical activity was defined as 20 minutes or more of exercise that was sufficient to increase breathing, increase heart rate, or work up a sweat.
The incidence rates were standardized by age (5-year groups) and sex (female, male).
The age- and sex-adjusted analysis was adjusted for age (5-year groups) and sex (female, male).
The multivariate-adjusted analysis was adjusted for age (5-year groups), sex (female, male), marital status (married or living as married, never married or separated or divorced or widowed), education (high-school or less than high-school, college education/vocational training, postgraduate education), ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, Asian, other ethnic background), body mass index (BMI) (<18.5, 18.5–24.9, 25.0–29.0, 30.0–34.9, 35.0+ kg/m2), alcohol intake (0, 0.1–14.9, 15.0–29.9, 30.0–59.9, 60+ grams of alcohol per day), smoking status (never, past smoking with an intensity of ≤20 cigarettes per day, past smoking with an intensity of more than 20 cigarettes per day, current smoking with an intensity of ≤20 cigarettes per day, current smoking with an intensity of more than 20 cigarettes per day), history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (yes, no), use of multivitamin dietary supplements (yes, no), total coffee intake (0,<1, 2–3, 4+ cups per day), red meat intake (ounces per 1000 kcal of energy intake in quintiles), white meat (including fish) intake (ounces per 1000 kcal of energy intake in quintiles), fruit (excluding juice) intake (ounces per 1000 kcal of energy intake in quintiles), vegetable (excluding legume) intake (ounces per 1000 kcal of energy intake in quintiles), and folate intake (micrograms per 1000 kcal of energy intake in quintiles).