Table 5. Risk factors, signs, and symptoms significantly (p<0.05) associated with parasites and treatment groups, as determined by multivariable logistic regression modeling.
| Parasite ortreatment groupa | Risk factor, sign, and symptom | Adjusted oddsratio [95% CI]b | Sensitivity (%)[95% CI]b | Specificity (%)[95% CI]b | Positivepredictive value [95% CI]b | Negative predictivevalue [95% CI]b |
| S. mansoni | Housewife | 10.3 [1.1, 102.1] | 50.0 [43.0, 57.0] | 94.2 [91.0, 97.5] | 15.4 [10.3, 20.5] | 98.9 [97.4, 100.0] |
| Hookworm | Natural water contact: cultivating rice | 2.6 [1.2, 5.7] | 29.3 [22.9, 35.7] | 85.0 [80.0, 90.0] | 55.0 [48.0, 62.0] | 65.8 [59.2, 72.5] |
| Drinking water: fountain | 0.4 [0.2, 0.8] | 29.3 [22.9, 35.7] | 51.7 [44.6, 58.7] | 27.5 [21.2, 33.8] | 53.9 [46.9, 60.9] | |
| Using soap for washing clothes | 0.1 [0.02, 0.6] | 89.3 [85.0, 93.7] | 1.7 [0.1, 3.5] | 36.2 [29.5, 43.0] | 20.0 [14.4, 25.6] | |
| Worm infections considered frequent in household | 4.6 [1.4, 14.6] | 18.7 [13.2, 24.1] | 95.0 [91.9, 98.1] | 70.0 [63.6, 76.4] | 65.1 [58.5, 71.8] | |
| T. trichiura | Using soap for washing oneself | 0.05 [0.01, 0.4] | 60.0 [53.1, 66.9] | 3.7 [1.0, 6.3] | 1.6 [0.1, 3.4] | 77.8 [71.90, 83.6] |
| Having a cat | 10.6 [1.3, 85.8] | 40.0 [33.1, 46.9] | 93.2 [89.6, 96.7] | 13.3 [8.6, 18.1] | 98.3 [96.5, 100.0] | |
| Tx1 | Vertigo | 16.9 [1.2, 34.6] | 85.7 [80.8, 90.6] | 61.2 [54.3, 68.0] | 7.6 [3.9, 11.3] | 99.1 [97.8, 100.0] |
| Tx2 | Natural water contact: cultivating rice | 2.9 [1.3, 6.4] | 30.3 [23.8, 36.7] | 85.7 [80.8, 90.6] | 57.5 [50.6, 64.4] | 65.8 [59.2, 72.5] |
| Drinking water: fountain | 0.4 [0.2, 0.9] | 30.3 [23.8, 36.7] | 52.1 [45.1, 59.1] | 28.8 [22.4, 35.1] | 53.9 [46.9 60.1] | |
| Using soap for washing clothes | 0.1 [0.02, 0.6] | 89.5 [85.2, 93.8] | 1.7 [0.1, 3.5] | 36.8 [30.0, 43.5] | 20.0 [14.4, 25.6] | |
| Washing hands when returning from work | 0.5 [0.2, 0.9] | 25.0 [18.9, 31.1] | 53.8 [46.8, 60.8] | 25.7 [19.5, 31.8] | 52.9 [45.9, 59.9] | |
| Worm infections considered frequent in household | 4.4 [1.4, 14.1] | 18.4 [13.0, 23.9] | 95.0 [91.9, 98.0] | 70.0 [63.6, 76.4] | 64.6 [57.9, 71.3] | |
| Tx3 | Natural water contact: cultivating rice | 2.8 [1.3, 6.2] | 29.6 [23.2, 36.0] | 86.0 [81.1, 90.8] | 60.0 [53.1, 66.9] | 63.2 [56.5, 70.0] |
| Drinking water: fountain | 0.4 [0.2, 0.8] | 30.9 [24.4, 37.4] | 51.8 [44.7, 58.8] | 31.3 [24.7, 37.8] | 51.3 [44.3, 58.3] | |
| Using soap for washing clothes | 0.1 [0.02, 0.8] | 90.1 [85.9, 94.3] | 1.8 [0.01, 3.6] | 39.5 [32.6, 46.3] | 20.0 [14.4, 25.6] | |
| Washing hands when returning from work | 0.4 [0.2, 0.8] | 24.7 [18.6, 30.7] | 52.6 [45.6, 59.6] | 27.0 [20.8, 33.3] | 49.6 [42.6, 56.6] | |
| Worm infections considered frequent in household | 5.4 [1.7, 17.9] | 18.5 [13.1, 24.0] | 95.6 [92.7, 98.5] | 75.0 [68.9, 81.1] | 62.3 [55.5, 69.1] |
The study was carried out in June 2010 in the Taabo health demographic surveillance system, south-central Côte d’Ivoire. Stepwise backward elimination was performed, removing explanatory variables with the highest p-value one at the time, as long as the Akaike information criterion (AIC) decreased. Diagnostic indicators for each risk factor, sign, and symptom are indicated.
a
Tx1, treatment group 1 (i.e., praziquantel against schistosomiasis); Tx2, treatment group 2 (i.e., benzimidazole against soil-transmitted helminthiasis); Tx3, treatment group 3 (i.e., praziquantel and benzimidazole against schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis, respectively).
b
CI, confidence interval.