Table 1.
Distribution of some sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors of IHD in the Golestan Cohort Study, at the baseline by self-reported HD status *
| Characteristics | All participants |
HD cases | Participants without HD |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 50,045 (100) | 3051 (100) | 46,993 (100) | |
| Age (years) | 52.1 (9.0) | 56.9 (9.1) | 51.8 (8.9) | <0.001 |
| Sex | 0.03 | |||
| Women | 28,811 (57.6) | 1787 (58.6) | 27,024 (57.5) | |
| Men | 21,234 (42.4) | 1264 (41.4) | 19,970 (42.5) | |
| Ethnicity | <0.001 | |||
| Non-Turkmen | 12,792 (25.6) | 1022 (33.5) | 11,770 (25.0) | |
| Turkmen | 37,253 (74.4) | 2029 (66.5) | 35,224 (75.0) | |
| Place of residence | <0.001 | |||
| Rural | 40,013 (80.0) | 2272 (74.5) | 37,741 (80.3) | |
| Urban | 10,032 (20.0) | 779 (25.5) | 9253 (19.7) | |
| Education | <0.001 | |||
| No School | 35,118 (70.2) | 2298 (75.3) | 32,820 (69.8) | |
| Primary/middle school | 10,708 (21.4) | 569 (18.6) | 10,139 (21.6) | |
| High school | 3155 (6.3) | 133 (4.4) | 3022 (6.4) | |
| University | 1064 (2.1) | 51 (1.7) | 1013 (2.2) | |
| Wealth | <0.001 | |||
| Low | 14,587 (29.1) | 814 (26.7) | 13,773 (29.3) | |
| Low-Medium | 10,097 (20.2) | 599 (19.6) | 9498 (20.2) | |
| Medium-High | 12,348 (24.7) | 749 (24.6) | 11,599 (24.7) | |
| High | 13,010 (26.0) | 889 (29.1) | 12,121 (25.8) | |
| Physical activity | <0.001 | |||
| Irregular non-intense | 30,647 (61.4) | 2198 (72.2) | 28,449 (60.7) | |
| Regular non-intense | 13,536 (27.1) | 654 (21.5) | 12,882 (27.5) | |
| Regular or irregular intense | 5695 (11.4) | 192 (6.3) | 5503 (11.8) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.7 (5.5) | 27.7 (5.7) | 26.6 (5.4) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension† | <0.001 | |||
| Normotensive | 28,628 (57.5) | 1032 (33.9) | 27,596 (59.0) | |
| Hypertensive | 21,197 (42.5) | 2012 (66.1) | 19,185 (41.0) | |
| Self-reported diabetes | <0.001 | |||
| Non-diabetic | 46,591 (93.1) | 2481 (81.3) | 44,110 (93.9) | |
| Diabetic | 3454 (6.9) | 570 (18.7) | 2884 (6.1) |
BMI, body mass index; HD, heart disease.
*
Figures are the number of participants (percentage), except for age and BMI, for which mean (standard deviation) is presented. Numbers may not add up to the total numbers due to missing data in some variables. P values calculated using chi-squared tests for categorical variables and Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests for continuous variables.
†
Including self-reported hypertension and individuals with high blood pressure at the baseline examination.