Table 2.
Steroid hormone (SH) oxidation rate constants (k, M-1 sec-1), removal efficiency (%) between 10 and 60 min and half-lives (t1/2, min) derived from oxidation experiments using permanganate in Milli-Q and wastewaters (WWTP A, pH 8.2, DOC 2.3 mg C L-1 and WWTP B, pH 6.3, COD 7.7 mg C L-1) at 22 ± 2°C for pH 6.0 and 8.0a
| Compounds |
Milli-Q water |
Wastewaters |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
k KMnO4-SH (M–1 sec–1) |
Removal (%) |
t 1/2 (min) |
k KMnO4-SH (M–1 sec–1) |
Removal (%) |
t 1/2 (min) |
|||||||
| pH 6.0 | pH 8.0 | pH 6.0 | pH 8.0 | pH 6.0 | pH 8.0 | pH 6.3 | pH 8.2 | pH 6.3 | pH 8.2 | pH 6.0 | pH 8.0 | |
| LEVO |
179 ± 10 |
199 ± 6 |
89 ± 12 |
89 ± 12 |
5.6 |
5.0 |
180 ± 5 |
302 ± 9 |
97 ± 8 |
90 ± 1 |
5.6 |
3.3 |
| (0.96) |
(0.98) |
|
|
|
|
(0.96) |
(0.98) |
|
|
|
|
|
| MEDRO |
73 ± 2 |
80 ± 2 |
57 ± 20 |
58 ± 12 |
14 |
12 |
49 ± 2 |
159 ± 4 |
71 ± 1 |
87 ± 4 |
2.1 |
6.3 |
| (0.98) |
(0.98) |
|
|
|
|
(0.98) |
(0.99) |
|
|
|
|
|
| NORE |
219 ± 13 |
224 ± 8 |
90 ± 11 |
78 ± 3 |
4.6 |
4.5 |
257 ± 10 |
368 ± 11 |
96 ± 2 |
92 ± 1 |
3.9 |
2.7 |
| (0.96) |
(0.97) |
|
|
|
|
(0.98) |
(0.98) |
|
|
|
|
|
| PROG | 28 ± 2 |
23 ± 1 |
48 ± 11 |
41 ± 5 |
36 |
44 |
26 ± 2 |
109 ± 4 |
58 ± 3 |
80 ± 20 |
38 |
9.2 |
| (0.97) | (0.98) | (0.98) | (0.98) | |||||||||
a Values in parentheses represent coefficients of determination (R2) and uncertainties on k values represent calculated standard deviations (SD) given from the linear regression equation. Uncertainties on removal values represent standard deviations (SD) between replicates (n = 2).