Table 4.
Frequency of bacterial species in propolis group and control group in baseline and final study.
| Bacterial species | Propolis group N = 21 | Control group N = 20 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Final study | Baseline | Final study | |
| % | % | % | % | |
| Gram+ | ||||
| Facultative anaerobic | ||||
| Streptococcus spp. | 90.4 | 85.7 | 90.0 | 100.0 |
| S. mitis | 57.10 | 61.9 | 55.0 | 60.0 |
| S. salivarius | 19.04 | 9.52 | 25.0 | 20.0 |
| S. vestibularis | 19.04 | 9.52 | 20.0 | 30.0 |
| S. oralis | 19.04 | 9.52 | 15.0 | 10.0 |
| S. sanguinis | 0.00 | 9.52 | 10.0 | 20.0 |
| Actinomyces spp. | 28.57 | 9.52* | 30.0 | 40.0 |
| Actinomyces israelii | 19.00 | 0.00* | 15.0 | 25.0 |
| Anaerobic | ||||
| Bifidobacterium spp. | 23.80 | 23.80 | 30.0 | 25.0 |
| Eubacterium spp. | 4.76 | 0.00 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
| Gemella morbillorum | 9.52 | 0.00 | 15.0 | 15.0 |
| Clostridium spp. | 14.28 | 9.52 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Gram− | ||||
| Facultative anaerobic | ||||
| Neisseria spp. | 90.4 | 95.2 | 95.0 | 90.0 |
| Capnocytophaga spp. | 19.04 | 0.00* | 15.0 | 10.0 |
| Enterobacter kobei | 0.00 | 0.00 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 0.00 | 0.00 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | 4.76 | 9.52 | 5.0 | 10.0 |
| Anaerobic | ||||
| Veillonella spp. | 23.80 | 23.80 | 20.0 | 25.0 |
| Mitsuokella spp. | 9.52 | 4.76 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Bacteroides spp. | 9.52 | 9.52 | 0.0 | 10.0 |
| Fusobacterium spp. | 14.28 | 0.00 | 25.0 | 30.0 |
| Candida | ||||
| Candida albicans | 9.52 | 9.52 | 15.0 | 15.0 |
*Significance P < .05 compared with baseline.