Figure 1. Representative cartoon of metformin transporters in the hepatocyte of the liver and nephron of the kidney.
This cartoon shows the liver (top left) and nephron (bottom left) and the cation transporters in the hepatocyte (top right) and proximal tubule cell (bottom right) that have been identified as important determinants of the pharmacokinetics and response to metformin. MATE2 in the kidney has two functional isoforms, MATE2 and MATE2-K.