Figure 1.

Toxicity and inhibitory effects of tested MA compounds on THP-1 leukemia cell proliferation. (a) Structure of M. alba L. prenylated flavonoids. (b) THP-1 cells were seeded (2 × 10⁵ cells/mL), treated with the indicated concentrations of 1, 2, and 3 for 24 h, cell numbers were counted, and viability was determined by erythrosin B exclusion. Toxicity was expressed as the LD₅₀ values. (c) THP-1 cells were seeded (5 × 10⁴ cells/well) in 96-well plates. Proliferation of cells was determined using WST-1 assays. Bars represent the proliferation of cells cultured in the presence of increasing concentrations of MA compounds as a percentage of controls at 24 h. The results shown are expressed as the means ± S.D. of three independent experiments, with each condition tested in triplicate (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001).