Skip to main content
. 2012 Oct 31;2012:238505. doi: 10.5402/2012/238505

Table 3.

Mean values (±standard deviation) for pharyngeal constriction ratio and time to opening of the upper esophageal sphincter in healthy dogs, dogs with pharyngeal weakness, and dogs with cricopharyngeal dyssynchrony [7].

Value Healthy dogs (n = 10) Pharyngeal weakness (n = 11) Cricopharyngeal dyssynchrony (n = 4)
Pharyngeal constriction ratio
0.15 ± 0.36 0.60 ± 0.28 0.61 ± 0.22
Upper esophageal sphincter opening (seconds) 0.07 ± 0.00 0.07 ± 0.01 0.28 ± 0.04