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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Physiol. 2012 Oct 29;75:423–452. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-040510-130049

Figure 4. Passive expiration transformed into active expiration.

Figure 4

Anesthetized adult rat has active inspiration, reflected in diaphragm EMG (DIA), but passive expiration, reflected in tonic abdominal EMG. Photoactivation of lateral RTN/pFRG neurons transfected with ChR2 (gray) induces active expiration. Redrawn from (Pagliardini et al, 2010).