Table 4.

Differences between youth with and without high levels of depressive symptoms on smoking, alcohol and substance use (n=444)

Variables, percent yes (n)	PHQ low <3 (n=202)	PHQ high ≥3 (n=242)	t-Test or chi-square, df=442 and 1, respectively	OR for those with high PHQ adjusted for gender
% Experimenting with cigarette smoking, even a few puffs	19.8 (40) n=202	30.6 (74) n=242	6.15**	1.77 (1.14–2.75)
If smoked, 100 cigs in your life? Percent yes (n=113)	25.0 (10) n=40	32.9 (24) n=73	0.43
Have you ever ridden in a car driven by someone (including yourself) who was “high”?	22.8 (46)	34.7 (84)	7.01**	1.81 (1.18–2.76)
Do you ever use drugs or alcohol to relax, feel better about your self, or fit in?	6.9 (14)	23.6 (57)	21.43***	4.15 (2.24–7.71)
Do you ever use alcohol or drugs while you are by yourself, alone?	5.9 (12)	12.8 (31)	5.18*	2.39 (1.19–4.79)
Do your family or friends ever tell you that you should cut down on your drinking?	2.5 (5)	9.1 (22)	7.32**	4.05 (1.50–10.91)
Have you ever gotten into trouble while you were using alcohol or drugs?	5.0 (10)	9.9 (24)	3.84*	2.08 (0.97–4.46)
Do you forget the things you did while you were using drugs or alcohol	7.5 (15)	18.6 (45)	10.69***	2.88 (1.55–5.32)
CRAFFT total score, mean (S.D.)	0.5 (0.9)	1.1 (1.4)	5.13***	–

^*P<.05.

^**P<.01.

^***P<.001.