Fig. 11.

Glyoxal-mediated in vitro formation of AGEs in endothelial cells. BPAECs (90% confluent), grown in 35-mm dishes (6-well culture plate) on glass coverslips were pretreated with MEM alone or MEM-containing glyoxal (1, 5, 10 mM) for 4 h and incubated at 37°C in a humidified environment of 5% CO₂–95% air. At the end of the incubation period, cells were stained as described under Materials and methods section and examined under confocal fluorescence microscope at a magnification of 63×. Each digitally captured image is a representative picture obtained from three independent experiments conducted under identical conditions