Table 5.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models of the association between HIV serostatus, anthropometrics, demographics, and causative organism on death in children with acute bacterial meningitis, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi, 1997--2010.Alive is used as the reference group.
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|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted Model [OR, (95%CI)]a |
First Adjusted Model [OR, (95%CI)]b |
Second Adjusted Model [OR, (95%CI)]c |
|
| HIV Serostatus (n = 1,511) | |||
| Negative | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Positive | 1.71 (1.37, 2.14) | 1.76 (1.30, 2.39) | 1.65 (1.20, 2.26) |
| Nutritional Status (n = 1,593)d | |||
| Normal | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Underweight | 1.08 (0.76, 1.52) | 1.20 (0.77, 1.87) | 1.21 (0.77, 1.90) |
| Malnourished | 1.35 (0.95, 1.94) | 1.58 (0.98, 2.54) | 1.64 (1.01, 2.67) |
| Wasted | 1.68 (1.13, 2.51) | 1.52 (0.88, 2.61) | 1.57 (0.91, 2.73) |
| Severely Wasted | 1.99 (1.25, 3.18) | 1.87 (0.96, 3.63) | 1.78 (0.90, 3.50) |
| Anemia (Hb g/dL) (n = 1,417) | |||
| No anemia (≥11.0) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Mild anemia (8.0--10.9) | 1.23 (0.87, 1.75) | 0.94 (0.57, 1.53) | 0.84 (0.51, 1.38) |
| Moderate/severe anemia (<8.0) | 1.69 (1.19, 2.39) | 0.94 (0.55, 1.60) | 0.76 (0.44, 1.33) |
| Age in Months (n = 1,759) | |||
| <6 | 1.38 (1.02, 1.86) | 1.43 (0.88, 2.34) | 1.38 (0.83, 2.27) |
| 6-24 | 1.52 (1.17, 1.97) | 1.26 (0.80, 1.99) | 1.31 (0.82, 2.09) |
| 25-60 | 0.83 (0.58, 1.19) | 0.76 (0.47, 1.26) | 0.79 (0.47, 1.31) |
| >60 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Sex (n = 1,754) | |||
| Female | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Male | 0.82 (0.66, 1.00) | 0.73 (0.55, 0.97) | 0.75 (0.56, 1.01) |
| Causative Organism (n = 1,757) | |||
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 1.71 (1.23, 2.38) | 1.10 (0.68, 1.79) | |
| Haemophilus influenzae type b | 1.25 (0.85, 1.85) | 0.89 (0.51, 1.56) | |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 0.11 (0.03, 0.38) | NAe | |
| Salmonella spp | 2.70 (1.70, 4.29) | 2.11 (1.06, 4.08) | |
| Other/NOS | 1.18 (0.66, 2.11) | 0.61 (0.27, 1.42) | |
| No Growth | Ref | Ref | |
| Study (n = 1,762) | |||
| Study 1 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Study 2 | 0.92 (0.74, 1.16) | 0.67 (0.49, 0.91) | 0.58 (0.42, 0.80) |
| Study 3 | 0.79 (0.56, 1.14) | 0.60 (0.37, 0.98) | 0.53 (0.32, 0.88) |
| Level of Consciousness (n = 1,756) | |||
| Normal | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Impaired (BCS 3--4) | 3.14 (2.22, 4.42) | 4.23 (2.71, 6.62) | 4.00 (2.54, 6.29) |
| Coma (BCS ≤2) | 10.5 (7.66, 14.3) | 14.6 (9.62, 22.3) | 14.4 (9.42, 22.1) |
| Days of Fever (n = 1,678) | 1.01 (0.96, 1.06) | ||
| Plasmodium Infection (n = 1,738) | |||
| Absent | Ref | ||
| Present | 0.99 (0.69, 1.40) | ||
Model contains only the variable of interest.
Model mutually adjusted for HIV serostatus, nutritional status, anemia, age, sex, research study, and level of consciousness (n = 1,063).
Model mutually adjusted for HIV serostatus, nutritional status, anemia, age, sex, research study, causative organism, and level of consciousness (n = 1,115).
Includes only those children aged ≤120 months.
Predicts failure perfectly; a multivariable model including all terms in the full model except for malnutrition found an OR of 0.05 with a 95%CI of (0.01, 0.39).