FIGURE 1.
Mechanical strain upregulates VEGFR2 activation. HDMECs were treated alone with DTS, IL-1β, or DTS and IL-1β together for various lengths of time. Subsequently, cells were analyzed for VEGFR2 Tyr1175 phosphorylation analyzed by Western blot analysis (A); the relative phospho-Tyr1175-VEGFR2 assessed by digitization of phosphorylated bands shown in A (B); relative presence of phospho-VGEFR2 in the cytoplasm and nucleus, as indicated by arrows, by immunofluorescence using phospho-Tyr1175-VEGFR2–specific Ab (C) (original magnification ×400); Western blot analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts of HDMECs showing localization of phospho-VEGFR2 in the nucleus after mechanoactivation (D); time course of VEGFR2 mRNA expression by real-time PCR (E); inhibition of Ser473-Akt phosphorylation by VEGFR2 antagonist SU5416 (F); and VEGFR2 mRNA expression in the presence of SU5416 (G). All experiments were performed in triplicate and repeated three times (A–C, E, F) or two times (D, G). *p < 0.05, cells treated with DTS versus untreated control group or inhibitor-treated group; **p < 0.05, cells treated with IL-1β and DTS compared with IL-1β.