Table 3.
The univariate analysis of the association between household characteristics and malaria-affected households (n = 313)
| Categorical variables | No. (%) of malaria-affected households (n = 70) | No. (%) of malaria-unaffected households (n = 243) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hamlet settlement |
|
|
<0.001* |
| Ban Hin Tern |
44 (62.9) |
58 (23.9) |
|
| Others |
26 (37.1) |
185 (76.1) |
|
| Household economic status |
|
|
0.016** |
| Low class |
34 (48.6) |
73 (30.0) |
|
| Middle class |
19 (27.1) |
87 (35.8) |
|
| High class |
17 (24.3) |
83 (34.2) |
|
| Domestic animals present |
(n = 65) |
(n = 233) |
0.154 |
| Yes |
33 (50.8) |
93 (39.9) |
|
| No |
32 (49.2) |
140 (60.1) |
|
| Distance from the nearest road |
(n = 64) |
(n = 219) |
0.015* |
| ≤10 m |
26 (40.6) |
129 (58.9) |
|
| >10 m |
38 (59.4) |
90 (41.1) |
|
| Distance from the nearest reservoir connecting brooks |
(n = 64) |
(n = 219) |
<0.001** |
| Absence within 500 m |
29 (45.3) |
41 (18.7) |
|
| Presence ≤200 m |
6 (9.4) |
73 (33.3) |
|
| Presence >200 m |
29 (45.3) |
105 (48.0) |
|
| IRS coveragea |
|
|
0.212 |
| Not receiving |
18 (25.7) |
81 (33.3) |
|
| Receiving irregularly |
42 (60.0) |
142 (58.4) |
|
| Receiving regularly |
10 (14.3) |
20 (8.3) |
|
| ITNs/LLINs coverageb |
|
|
<0.001* |
| Not receiving |
18 (25.7) |
130 (53.5) |
|
| Receiving |
52 (74.3) |
113 (46.5) |
|
| Utilization of mosquito nets |
|
|
0.004** |
| Non-use |
0 (0.0) |
14 (5.7) |
|
| Sleeping under nets |
33 (47.1) |
153 (63.0) |
|
| Sleeping under nets/ITNs/ LLINs intermittently |
19 (27.1) |
40 (16.5) |
|
| Sleeping under ITNs/LLINs only | 18 (25.8) | 36 (14.8) |
Household-level coverage of IRSa during years 2007–2010 and ITNs/LLINsb during years 2008–2010 as described in the text. Statistically significant with *Yates corrected χ2 test (P < 0.05), or **Pearson’s χ2 test (P < 0.05), for two-independent samples.