Table 4. Summarized the mixed model results (n = 1300)^*.

Characteristic	Surgeon caseload							Hospital caseload
	High- volume	Medium-volume			Low-volume			High-volume	Medium-volume			Low-volume
		β**	SE	Pvalue	β**	SE	Pvalue		β**	SE	Pvalue	β**	SE	Pvalue
Spending for oncological surgery
Oncological surgery cost	reference	−43	458	0.925	845	390	0.030	reference	79	1670	0.963	1217	1520	0.430
Spending for 12-month follow-up period
OPD expenditure	reference	−383	543	0.482	198	472	0.676	reference	−648	1085	0.557	1315	1002	0.204
Hospitalization cost	reference	1350.91	701	0.055	1251	623	0.045	reference	1584	1311	0.250	1810	1217	0.160
Outpatient & hospitalization cost	reference	1811	818	0.030	2065	763	0.007	reference	790	841	0.391	3439	836	0.004

SE, standard error.

^*Adjusted variables were the patients’ diagnosed age, gender, CCIS categories, urbanization and region of patients’ residence individual, socioeconomic status, surgeon’s age, and teaching level of hospitals.

^**Parameter estimate.