Figure 1. Acetylation control by KATs-HATs and KDACs-HDACs. Acetylation and deacetylation of proteins at lysine residues are mediated by lysine acetylases (KATs or HATs) and deacetylases (KDACs or HDACs). KATs/HATs transfer an acetyl-group of acetyl-CoA to the ɛ-amino group of an internal lysine residue. The reverse reaction is mediated by KDACs-HDACs and requires Zn²⁺, whereas sirtuins requires NAD⁺.