Table 1.
Characteristics of Adolescents at the Time of Imaging and at Birth
| Variable | fMRI sample | DTI sample | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON (N=23)a |
PCE (N=33)a |
p Valueb |
CON (N=31)a |
PCE (N=42)a |
p Valueb |
|
| Adolescent Variables | ||||||
| Age, M (SD) | 14.61 (2.3) | 14.64 (2.0) | .962 | 14.3 (2.5) | 14.4 (2.0) | .782 |
| Gender, No. (%) | .019 | .174 | ||||
| Female | 15 (65.2) | 11 (33.3) | 16 (51.6) | 15 (35.7) | ||
| Male | 8 (34.8) | 22 (66.7) | 15 (48.4) | 27 (64.3) | ||
| Total monthly household income - $, M (SD) (NfMRI=53, NDTI=70) |
1898 (1284) | 1221 (922) | .030 | 2042 (1239) | 1349 (1123) | .017 |
| Handedness, No. (%) | .918 | .500 | ||||
| Right | 20 (87.0) | 29 (87.9) | 26 (83.9) | 36 (85.7) | ||
| Left | 3 (13.0) | 4 (12.1) | 5 (16.1) | 6 (14.3) | ||
| Full-Scale IQ - WASI, M (SD) | 88.8 (8.4) | 87.0 (11.4) | .497 | 85.7 (9.9) | 86.3 (12.6) | .831 |
| Verbal IQ - WASI, M (SD) | 90.7 (9.5) | 86.6 (12.6) | .182 | 87.3 (10.2) | 85.8 (13.0) | .588 |
| Performance IQ - WASI, M (SD) | 89.3 (9.5) | 89.8 (11.2) | .855 | 87.0 (11.7) | 89.1 (12.5) | .483 |
| Birth Variables | ||||||
| Birthweight (g) (M, SD) | 2959 (783) | 2883 (644) | .693 | 3060 (694) | 2796 (652) | .100 |
| Gestational Age, No. (%) | .179 | .554 | ||||
| Fullterm | 17 (73.9) | 29 (87.9) | 28 (90.3) | 36 (85.7) | ||
| Preterm (30–36 weeks of gestational age) | 6 (26.1) | 4 (12.1) | 3 (9.7) | 6 (14.3) | ||
a
If data for a variable are not available for some participants, the N used for the analysis is noted next to the variable name.
b
Chi-square analyses completed for categorical variables; Independent sample t-tests completed for continuous variables.
CON: control, PCE: prenatal cocaine exposure