Table 2.
Comparison of median concentrations of blood markers between favorable and poor outcome groups
| All (number = 175) |
Favorable (number = 111) |
Poor (number = 64) |
P a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neuronal | ||||
| NSE (ng/ml) | 6.5 (1.9 to 10.8) | 5.6 (1.6 to 10.3) | 7.7 (3.0 to 11.5) | 0.14 |
| Ngb (ng/ml) | 0.0 (0.0 to 2.7) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.9) | 0.3 (0.0 to 9.7) | < 0.001 |
| hFABP (ng/ml) | 10.0 (6.2 to 16.3) | 8.4 (5.5 to 11.9) | 16.3 (9.9 to 29.7) | < 0.001 |
| VSNL-1 (%)b | 12 (6.9) | 7 (6.3) | 5 (7.8) | 0.95 |
| Astroglial | ||||
| S100B (pg/ml) | 31.9 (0.0 - 124.9) | 20.0 (0 to 60.3) | 135.2 (40.0 to 344.6) | < 0.001 |
| GFAP (%)b | 50 (28.6) | 23 (20.7) | 27 (42.2) | 0.004 |
| Inflammatory | ||||
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 4.6 (0.9 to 13.0) | 2.2 (0.6 to 5.5) | 12.1 (6.7 to 48.0) | < 0.001 |
| MMP-9 (ng/ml) | 65.4 (30.9 to 124.1) | 45.7 (21.9 to 79.5) | 120.5 (61.8 to 228.3) | < 0.001 |
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 2.3 (0.0 to 8.9) | 1.3 (0.0 to 8.0) | 3.3 (0.0 to 10.4) | 0.22 |
| CRP (mg/dl) | 0.26 (0.09 to 0.94) | 0.19 (0.06 to 0.36) | 0.87 (0.18 to 4.40) | < 0.001 |
| Haemostatic | ||||
| PAI-1 (ng/ml) | 11.1 (4.5 to 21.8) | 10.3 (4.2 to 23.1) | 11.5 (5.9 to 20.9) | 0.57 |
| D-dimer (ng/ml) | 521 (368 to 1083) | 466 (355 to 933) | 938 (450 to 1629) | 0.001 |
aStatistical analysis conducted by the Mann-Whitney U test; bCategorical variables. Values in round brackets indicate interquartile range. CRP, C-reactive protein; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; hFABP, heart type fatty acid binding protein; MMP-9 matrix metalloproteinase-9; Ngb, neuroglobin; NSE, neuron-specific enolase; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; VSNL-1, visinin-like protein 1.