Table 3.
Multivariate logistic regression analysis of blood markers (natural log-transformed) between favorable and poor outcome groups
| OR (95% CI) | P | Adjusted ORa | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neuronal markers | ||||
| NSE | 1.23 (0.89 - 1.68) | 0.209 | 0.79 (0.49 - 1.26) | 0.325 |
| Ngb | 1.73 (1.28 - 2.34) | 0.0004 | 1.41 (0.89 - 2.24) | 0.143 |
| hFABP | 4.90 (2.67 - 9.00) | < 0.0001 | 3.23 (1.44 - 7.27) | 0.0045 |
| VSNL-1b | 1.26 (0.38 - 4.14) | 0.704 | 0.87 (0.19 - 4.02) | 0.854 |
| Astroglial markers | ||||
| S100B | 1.60 (1.39 - 1.92) | < 0.0001 | 1.20 (0.96 - 1.51) | 0.115 |
| GFAPb | 2.79 (1.42 - 5.49) | 0.003 | 1.15 (0.41 - 3.22) | 0.791 |
| Inflammatory markers | ||||
| IL-6 | 2.23 (1.68 - 2.95) | < 0.0001 | 1.75 (1.25 - 2.25) | 0.001 |
| TNF-α | 1.22 (0.94 - 1.57) | 0.134 | 1.35 (0.88 - 2.05) | 0.166 |
| CRP | 1.63 (1.33 - 1.99) | < 0.0001 | 1.23 (0.94 - 1.62) | 0.148 |
| Blood-brain barrier marker | ||||
| MMP-9 | 2.19 (1.43 - 3.44) | 0.005 | 1.65 (1.07 - 2.07) | 0.014 |
| Haemostatic markers | ||||
| PAI-1 | 1.05 (0.79 - 1.38) | 0.748 | 1.07 (0.71 - 1.61) | 0.751 |
| D-dimer | 2.49 (1.61 - 3.86) | < 0.0001 | 1.37 (0.74 - 2.57) | 0.319 |
The favorable group is regarded as the reference (OR: 1.0). aAdjustment of age and initial NIHSS score; bcategorical variables. CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; hFABP, heart type fatty acid binding protein; MMP-9 matrix metalloproteinase-9; Ngb, neuroglobin; NSE, neuron-specific enolase; OR, odds ratio; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; VSNL-1, visinin-like protein 1.