Table 1.
Patients classified by base deficit (classes I to IV): demographics, injury mechanism, severity of injury, and outcome
| Class I | Class II | Class III | Class IV | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BD ≤ 2.0 (no shock) |
BD > 2.0 to 6.0 (mild) |
BD > 6.0 to 10.0 (moderate) |
BD > 10.0 (severe) |
|
| Demographics | ||||
| Total number (percentage) | 7,583 (46.5) | 5,831 (35.8) | 1,999 (12.3) | 892 (5.5) |
| Male, number (percentage) | 5,622 (74.7) | 4,184 (72.3) | 1,382 (69.6) | 607 (68.4) |
| Mean age (SD), years | 46 (20.2) | 43.8 (19.7) | 44.4 (19.5) | 45.8 (19.7) |
| Blunt trauma, number (percentage) | 7,088 (96) | 5,436 (94.4) | 1,869 (94.1) | 816 (92.3) |
| Injury severity | ||||
| Mean ISS (SD), points | 19.1 (11.9) | 24.0 (13.3) | 29.5 (16) | 36.7 (17.6) |
| Mean NISS (SD), points | 24.2 (15) | 29.9 (16.1) | 35.5 (17.7) | 42.9 (18.5) |
| Mean RISC score (SD), points | 10.3 (18.1) | 14.4 (22.4) | 24.4 (28.6) | 53.3 (35.3) |
| AIS head ≥ 3 points, number (percentage) | 3,065 (40.4) | 2,711 (46.5) | 1,039 (52) | 526 (59) |
| AIS thorax ≥ 3 points, number (percentage) | 2,826 (37.3) | 2,811 (48.2) | 1,131 (56.6) | 577 (64.7) |
| AIS abdomen ≥ 3 points, number (percentage) | 819 (10.8) | 939 (16.1) | 520 (26.0) | 296 (33.2) |
| AIS pelvis/extremities ≥ 3 points, number (percentage) | 1,956 (25.8) | 2,071 (35.5) | 846 (42.3) | 419 (47.0) |
| Outcome | ||||
| Mortality, number (percentage) | 564 (7.4) | 721 (12.4) | 478 (23.9) | 459 (51.5) |
| Mean hospital LOS (SD), days | 18,3 (19.2) | 23.6 (25.2) | 24.7 (27) | 20.1 (31.2) |
| Mean ICU LOS (SD), days | 7.8 (10.7) | 11.3 (13.3) | 13.9 (15.3) | 12.8 (18.0) |
| Mean ventilator days (SD) | 4.8 (8.9) | 7.7 (11.5) | 9.9 (12.8) | 10.1 (15.5) |
| Multiple organ failure, number (percentage) | 807 (12.2) | 1,064 (20.2) | 516 (29.4) | 294 (43.3) |
| Sepsis, number (percentage) | 400 (6.0) | 566 (10.5) | 295 (16.3) | 126 (18.0) |
Cohort consisted of 16,305 patients. P < 0.001 for all parameters. AIS, abbreviated injury scale; BD, base deficit; ICU, intensive care unit; ISS, injury severity score; LOS, length of stay; NISS, new injury severity score; RISC, Revised Injury Severity Classification; SD, standard deviation.