Table 2.
Assessment of methodological quality and risk of bias in the included studies
| Study | Prospective observational study design | Clearly described selection criteria | Validated diagnostic scale for AKI used | Clearly described NGAL measurements | Conflict of interests | Risk of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| de Geus et al. [21] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Low |
| Endre et al. [22] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Low |
| Doi et al. [24] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Low |
| Cruz et al. [25] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Low |
| Constantin et al. [26] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Low |
| Mårtensson et al. [27] | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Medium |
| Metzger et al. [28] | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Medium |
| Siew et al. [29] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Low |
| Makris et al. [30] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Low |
| Kokkoris et al.a [31] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Low |
| Linko et al.b | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | No | Low |
aStudy published as abstract only; author contacted to obtain extracted data; bstudy unpublished. AKI, acute kidney injury; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.