Table 4.
Most frequently used doses and schedules of antibiotic and antifungal drugs.
| Drug/Administration | Frequency Number (%)a |
Drug/Administration | Frequency Number (%)a |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vancomycin | Ceftazidime | ||
| TDD: 2 g | 104/142 (73) | TDD: 6 g | 89/141 (63) |
| Infusion: Continuous | 122/142 (86) | 3 g | 20/141 (14) |
| Other: TDM | 94/142 (66) | Infusion: Continuous | 68/141 (48) |
| Schedule: 3 doses/day | 64/141 (45) | ||
| Teicoplanin | Ceftriaxone | ||
| TDD: 400 mg | 43/110 (39) | TDD: 2 g | 72/141 (51) |
| 800 mg | 32/110 (29) | 4 g | 45/141 (32) |
| Loading dose | 86/90 (96) | Schedule: 2 doses/day | 78/141 (55) |
| Once daily | 64/141 (45) | ||
| Piperacillin/tazobactam | Cefepime | ||
| TDD: 18.0 g | 61/148 (41) | TDD: 6 g | 51/141 (36) |
| 13.5 g | 41/148 (28) | 4 g | 28/141 (20) |
| Infusion: Intermittent | 61/148 (41) | Schedule: 3 doses/day | 75/141 (53) |
| Continuous | 55/148 (37) | 2 doses/day | 66/141 (47) |
| Prolonged (3-4 hours) | 33/148 (22) | ||
| Meropenem | Levofloxacinb | ||
| TDD: 3 g | 62/138 (45) | TDD: 1000 mg | 81/139 (58) |
| 6 g | 26/138 (19) | 750 mg | 33/139 (24) |
| Infusion: Prolonged intermittent | 65/138 (47) | Schedule: 2 doses/day | 90/139 (65) |
| Intermittent infusion | 55/138 (40) | Once daily | 49/139 (35) |
| Continuous infusion | 18/138 (13) | ||
| Imipenem | Ciprofloxacinb | ||
| TDD: 2 g | 66/135 (49) | TDD: 1200 mg | 61/138 (44) |
| 3 g | 28/135 (21) | 800 mg | 44/138 (32) |
| Schedule: 4 doses/day | 99/135 (73) | Schedule: 2 doses/day | 70/138 (51) |
| 3 doses/day | 36/135 (27) | 3 doses/day | 68/138 (49) |
| Amikacin | Fluconazole | ||
| TDD: 1 g | 65/120 (54) | TDD: 400 mg | 77/137 (56) |
| 1.5 g | 13/120 (11) | 800 mg | 25/137 (18) |
| Schedule: Once daily | 106/120 (88) | Schedule: Once daily | 104/137 (76) |
| 2 doses/day | 33/137 (24) | ||
| Loading dose | 114/137 (83) | ||
| Gentamicin | Voriconazole | ||
| TDD: 240 mg | 35/120 (29) | TDD: 8 mg/kg | 56/137 (41) |
| 160 mg | 18/120 (15) | 4 mg/kg | 27/137 (20) |
| Schedule: Once a day | 106/120 (88) | Loading dose | 125/137 (91) |
| Daptomycin | Anidulafungin | ||
| TDD: 6 mg/kg | 70/137 (51) | TDD: 100 mg | 94/124 (76) |
| 8 mg/kg | 29/137 (21) | Loading dose | 119/124 (96) |
| Linezolid | Caspofungin | ||
| TDD: 1200 mg | 128/132 (97) | TDD: 50 mg | 114/127 (90) |
| Infusion: Intermittent | 111/132 (84) | Loading dose | 126/127 (99) |
| Tigecycline | Micafungin | ||
| TDD: 100 mg | 130/134 (97) | TDD: 100 mg | 105/128 (82) |
| Schedule: 2 doses/day | 133/134 (99) | ||
| Loading dose | 131/134 (98) | ||
| Colistin | Amphotericin B | ||
| Intravenous | TDD: | ||
| TDD: 6,000,000 IU | 29/107(27) | Liposomal | |
| 9,000,000 IU | 27/107 (25) | 3 mg/kg | 61/127 (48) |
| Schedule: 3 times/day | 65/107 (61) | 5 mg/kg | 48/127 (38) |
| Loading dose | 48/107 (45) | Lipid complex | |
| Aerosol | 5 mg/kg | 54/101 (53) | |
| TDD: 3,000,000 IU | 36/107 (34) | 3 mg/kg | 29/101 (29) |
| Schedule: 3 times/day | 61/107 (57) | ||
aDenominators represent the number of ICUs that answered the specific question, blevofloxacin and ciprofloxacin are the only fluoroquinolones available in Italy. TDD, total daily dose (intravenous unless otherwise stated); TDM, therapeutic drug monitoring.