Table 5.

Changes in scores on European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-CR38

		4 weeks		6 months		12 months
	Mean preop. score	Mean change from preop.	Adjusted mean difference (laparoscopic – open)	Mean change from preop.	Adjusted mean difference (laparoscopic – open)	Mean change from preop.	Adjusted mean difference (laparoscopic – open)
Body image†
Laparoscopic	90·3 (88·2, 92·4)	−17.8	0·4 (−5·9, 6·6)	−13.8	−2·0 (−7·9, 3·9)	−11.5	−2·8 (−8·7, 3·0)
Open	87·4 (83·8, 90·9)	−17.1		−10.1		−6.6
Future perspective†
Laparoscopic	57·1 (53·5, 60·7)	5.6	2·0 (−4·5, 8·4)	10.2	−2·4 (−8·6, 3·8)	11.8	−2·7 (−8·9, 3·6)
Open	54·0 (48·2, 59·8)	5.7		14.3		16.7
GI symptoms‡
Laparoscopic	17·6 (15·7, 19·4)	6.9	2·6 (−1·1, 6·3)	−0.6	0·5 (−2·7, 3·7)	−0.8	0·1 (−3·0, 3·2)
Open	17·1 (14·6, 19·6)	4.5		−0.5		−1.1
Defaecation problems‡
Laparoscopic	26·5 (24·1, 29·0)	7.2	2·7 (−5·7, 11·0)	2.4	5·9 (0·2, 11·6)	−1.2	4·2 (−0·4, 8·7)
Open	26·0 (22·2, 29·8)	6.7		−3.4		−5.8
Weight loss‡
Laparoscopic	14·7 (11·7, 17·7)	22.8	−3·7 (−11·2, 3·9)	−0.7	−1·6 (−7·3, 4·2)	−5.6	1·6 (−2·8, 6·0)
Open	14·5 (10·2, 18·9)	26.5		−0.4		−8.0
Chemotherapy side-effects‡
Laparoscopic	8·8 (7·2, 10·5)	13.8	−0·9 (−5·8, 4·0)	6.8	−0·8 (−5·0, 3·5)	2.7	0 (−3·7, 3·6)
Open	10·5 (7·3, 13·7)	13.5		6.6		1.3
Stoma-related problems*‡
Laparoscopic	–	30.6	−1·0 (−6·7, 4·7)	25.2	−4·8 (−11·0, 1·4)	27.5	−1·3 (9·4, 6·7)
Open	–	31.6		30.0		28.8

Values in parentheses are 95 per cent confidence intervals.

^*Only six patients had a stoma before surgery. Values at 4 weeks, 6 months and 12 months are mean scores instead of mean change in score.

^†A high value is positive to the patient;

^‡a high value is negative to the patient. GI, gastrointestinal.