Table 3.
Demographics of study participants
| cSLE without NCD (n = 14) | cSLE with NCD (n = 7) | P-value1 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 14.7 ± 2.1 | 15.1 ± 1.9 | NS | |
| Female | Number, % | 11 (78.6%) | 6 (85.7%) | NS |
| Race/ethnicity | White/black/hispanic/other | 6/4/2/2 | 1/6/0/0 | NS |
| Highest maternal educational level | Postgraduate degree/Bachelor's degree/partial college or associate degree/High School degree/unknown | 2/4/4/4/0 | 0/0/3/3/1 | NS |
| WASI full scale IQ score | 104.4 ± 10.5 | 89.0 ± 7.4 | 0.005 | |
| Annual family income (in "tabcaption",000) | 84.4 ± 48.9 | 34.4 ± 17.3 | 0.003 | |
| Disease duration, years | 2.5 ± 2.2 | 1.6 ± 1.6 | NS | |
| Medications | Prednisone (mg/kg/day) | 11.7 ± 7.4 | 16.9 ± 11.8 | NS |
| Treatment with immunosuppressant2 | 5 (35.7%) | 5 (71.4%) | NS | |
| Disease activity and damage | SLEDAI score | 4.1 ± 3.0 | 7.1 ± 6.2 | NS |
| SDI score | 0.4 ± 0.8 | 0.7 ± 1.1 | NS | |
| Imaging sites | Site 1/site 2 | 10/4 | 6/1 | NS |
| Neurocognitive dysfunction | Average z-scores | |||
| Working memory | -0.15 ± 0.52 | -1.03 ± 0.59 | 0.0038 | |
| Psychomotor speed | 0.23 ± 0.69 | -1.22 ± 0.38 | 0.0001 | |
| Attention | 0.13 ± 0.57 | -0.39 ± 1.08 | NS | |
| Visuoconstructional ability | 0.30 ± 0.46 | -1.22 ± 0.91 | < 0.0001 | |
Values are means and SD unless indicated otherwise. 1P-values are based on t-tests or Fisher's exact test, when appropriate. 2Number of patients (without/with) neurocognitive dysfunction (NCD) treated with: mycophenolate mofetil (4/2); azathioprine (2/1); methotrexate (1/0); mycophenolate mofetil plus cyclophosphamide (0/1); cyclophosphamide (0/1). cSLE, childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus; WASI, Wechsler abbreviated scales of intelligence; NS, not significant; SLEDAI, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (2-k version; range 0 to 105; 0 = inactive disease); SDI: Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (range 0 to 46; 0 = no damage).