Table 4.
Regions of interest with significant differences in activation between cSLE patients with versus without neurocognitive dysfunction
| Anatomical region of interest | no-NCD group | NCD group | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Working memory/N-back | Precuneus | 1.05 ± 0.17 | 0.13 ± 0.25 | 0.004 |
| Parietal inf L | 2.32 ± 0.32 | 1.10 ± 0.47 | 0.030 | |
| Parietal inf R | 3.22 ± 0.41 | 1.77 ± 0.59 | 0.041 | |
| Attention/CPT-IP | Insula + temporal sup L | 0.45 ± 0.19 | 1.06 ± 0.27 | 0.050 |
| VCA/match-motor contrast | Frontal inf L | 0.71 ± 0.12 | 0.25 ± 0.17 | 0.032 |
| Frontal mid L | 0.72 ± 0.12 | 0.26 ± 0.18 | 0.029 | |
| Frontal sup L | 0.50 ± 0.10 | 0.15 ± 0.14 | 0.037 | |
| Parietal inf +supramarginal L | 1.19 ± 0.16 | 0.66 ± 0.23 | 0.050 | |
| Parietal sup L | 1.62 ± 0.23 | 0.81 ± 0.34 | 0.045 | |
| Fusiform+occipital inf L | 1.58 ± 0.27 | 0.59 ± 0.40 | 0.038 | |
| Fusiform+occipital inf R | 1.49 ± 0.26 | 0.52 ± 0.39 | 0.036 | |
| VCA/square-motor contrast | Frontal sup R | 0.54 ± 0.09 | 0.21 ± 0.13 | 0.033 |
| Precuneus bilateral | 0.85 ± 0.14 | 0.34 ± 0.20 | 0.036 | |
| Fusiform+occipital inf L | 1.95 ± 0.24 | 1.06 ± 0.35 | 0.033 | |
| Fusiform+occipital inf R | 1.54 ± 0.22 | 0.77 ± 0.33 | 0.048 |
Region of interest (ROI) activation is defined as the (sum of T-scores within the ROI among voxels with T-scores > 1.66 that are part of clusters of at least 10 voxels)/total voxels in the ROI. cSLE, childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus; NCD, neurocognitive dysfunction; CPT-IP: continuous performance task- identical pairs; VCA, visuoconstructive ability; L, left; R, right; inf, inferior; mid, middle.