Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of potential risk factors during 12-month follow up in pediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE)*
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | AMS < 3.7 | AMS > 3.7 | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value |
| Osteopontin high | 8 | 3 | 2.1 (0.39, 10.8) | 0.4 | ||
| NGAL high | 7 | 2 | 0.8 (0.14, 4.8) | 0.9 | ||
| Cumulative prednisone exposure | 12 | 3 | 0.7 (0.15, 3.2) | 0.7 | ||
| Disease duration > 2 years | 16 | 4 | 0.6 (0.15, 3.2) | 0.7 | ||
| Renal involvement | 22 | 7 | 1.4 (0.3, 8.3) | 0.9 | ||
| Non-Caucasian background | 25 | 10 | 5.4 (0.28, 104) | 0.3 | ||
| Male gender | 8 | 2 | 0.8 (0.04, 3.1) | 0.9 | ||
| ΔSDI = 0 | ΔSDI > 0 | |||||
| Osteopontin high | 6 | 4 | 9 (1.5, 60) | 0.015 | 7.5 (2.9, 20) | 0.03 |
| NGAL low | 8 | 2 | 1.3 (0.21, 8) | 0.9 | 1.16 (0.14, 9.3) | 0.9 |
| Cumulative prednisone exposure | 11 | 4 | 2.8 (0.5, 14.7) | 0.4 | ||
| Disease duration > 2 years | 17 | 2 | 0.4 (0.08, 2.4) | 0.4 | ||
| Renal involvement | 24 | 5 | 2.1 (0.2, 20.2) | 0.9 | ||
| Non-Caucasian background | 28 | 7 | 3.4 (0.2, 68) | 0.6 | ||
| Male gender | 10 | 0 | 0.6 (0.008, 3) | 0.16 | ||
*Except where indicated otherwise, values reflect the number (%) of patients. Odd ratios (ORs) were determined for each variable based on a yes/no determination in patients with pSLE (n = 42). Potential risk factors identified by univariate analysis (P ≤ 0.1) were included in the multivariate models. Total number of SLE patients with adjusted mean SLE disease activity index (AMS) in the top quartile (AMS > 3.7) is 10; total number of SLE patients with change in SDI (ΔSDI) greater than 0 is 7. SDI, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) damage index; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.