Table 3. Multiple regression analysis showing the association of 9 year grip strength (kg) with birthweight, adjusted for 9 year size and socio-economic status for 560 Indian children.

	Univariate models			Multivariate model 1			Multivariate model 2			Multivariate model 3
	β	95% CI	p	β	95% CI	p	β	95% CI	p	β	95% CI	p
Birthweight (g)	0.38	0.21, 0.55	<0.001	0.09	−0.07, 0.26	0.30	0.35	0.17, 0.52	<0.001	0.08	−0.08, 0.25	0.3
9 year height (cm)	0.80	0.63, 0.96	<0.001	0.64	0.46, 0.81	<0.001				0.61	0.43, 0.78	<0.001
9 year body mass index (kg/m2)	0.67	0.50, 0.84	<0.001	0.46	0.28, 0.63	<0.001				0.45	0.28, 0.62	<0.001
Standard of living index	0.35	0.18, 0.52	<0.001				0.31	0.13, 0.48	0.001	0.15	−0.02, 0.31	0.08
Birth arm muscle area (cm2)	0.40	0.23, 0.57	<0.001	0.20	0.04, 0.37	0.01	0.36	0.19, 0.53	<0.001	0.19	0.03, 0.35	0.02
9 year height (cm)	0.80	0.63, 0.96	<0.001	0.64	0.47, 0.81	<0.001				0.61	0.44, 0.78	<0.001
9 year body mass index (kg/m2)	0.67	0.50, 0.84	<0.001	0.43	0.25, 0.60	<0.001				0.42	0.25, 0.59	<0.001
Standard of living index	0.35	0.18, 0.52	<0.001				0.31	0.13, 0.48	0.001	0.14	−0.03, 0.30	0.1

All models included sex; all exposure variables were Z-standardised. The univariate models contained each of the listed variables individually. The multivariable models included the birth size variable (birthweight or arm muscle area at birth) in addition (simultaneously) to the variables with data shown.