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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jun 5.
Published in final edited form as: Ageing Soc. 2004 Jul;24(4):497–530. doi: 10.1017/S0144686X0400234X

Table 6.

Older people’s characteristics by intergenerational support flow types

Downward flows Balanced flows Upward flows
Age: 70 and over 29.4 46.2 70.7
Gender: female 39.2 67.3 85.4
Marital status: married 74.4 31.9 20.5
Health status: good 78.4 63.5 35.0
Health status: poor 3.9 3.8 17.5
Work: in paid work 56.9 46.2 12.2
Income from land or pension 60.8 42.3 7.3
Inheritance: all handed over 15.2 33.3 69.0
Live alone or just with spouse 0 30.8 9.7
Total (N) 51 52 41

Source: Interview and survey data 1999-2000.

Note: Childless older people are excluded, as are those engaged in no flows of inter-generational support at all.