Interrelation between mitochondrial matrix Ca2+, cytosolic Ca2+, and mitochondrial matrix pH. (A) Graph showing a linear relationship between the volume average cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i, and mitochondria matrix Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]m. (B) (Left) Graph depicting the equilibrium mitochondrial matrix pH associated with different mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ concentrations, [Ca2+]m. (Right) Plot showing differential changes in mitochondrial matrix pH associated with ∼10 μM step increase in mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ concentration. Error bars indicate the mean ± SE.